3.1 ATP Flashcards
Why is ATP suited to its Role
- It is Inert
- Can pass out of mitochondria
- Release energy Efficiently
- Release energy in usable quantities so little is wasted as heat
- Easily hydrolyse
- Readily reformed by phosphorylation
What is Chemiosmosis
The flow of protons down an electrochemical gradiet through ATP synthetase, coupled with the synthesis of atp from adp and a phosphate ion.
What is ATP
Universal energy currency found in all living cells
Where is ATP produced
Synthesised in the internal membranes of mitochondria and chloroplast
How is ATP synthesised
The enzyme ATP synthase found in cellular membrane phosphorlates the ADP to form ATP as protons flow through
How do protons flow across the mitochondrial membrane
H+ flow from the intermembrane space into the matrix across the inner membrane
Define Chemiosomosis
Synthesis of ATP through the movement of protons down the electrochemical gradient across a semi-permeable membrane , catalysed by ATP synthase
How is the proton gradient maintained during chemiosmosis
Potential energy with excited electrons is coupled to the active transport of H+ across the membrane by proton pumps
What is the electron transport chain
A series of electron carrier proteins that transfer electrons in a chain of redox reactions releasing energy
What is the similarities of Mitochondria and Chloroplats regarding ATP
Use of ATP synthase
Protons provide energy for ATP synthesis
Proton pump across inner membrane of organelle
Electron transport chain on inner membrane of organelle
What is the site of electron transport chain in both plants and animals
Thylkaoid membranes and Cristae
What is the site of electron transport chain in both plants and animals
Thylkaoid membranes and Cristae
