3.1: ATP 1 Flashcards
What is ATP?
Adenosine Triphosphate, the universal energy carrier found in all living cells
Where is ATP produced?
ATP is synthesised in the internal membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts
Describe how ATP is synthesised
Involves ATP Synthase an enzyme embedded in cell membranes, ATP Synthase phosphorylates ADP to form ATP as protons flow through it
Compare the flow of protons across mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes
Mitochondrial membrane: H+ flow from the intermembrane space into the matrix across the inner membrane
Chloroplast membrane: H+ flows from thylakoid space into stroma across thylakoid membrane
Define chemiosmosis
The synthesis of ATP through the movement of protons down their electrochemical gradient across a semi-permeable membrane catalysed by ATP Synthase
How is the proton gradient maintained during chemiosmosis?
Potential energy associated with exited electrons is coupled to the active tranport of H+ across the membrane by proton pumps.
What is the electron transport chain?
A series of electron carrier proteins that transfer electrons in a series of oxidation-reduction reactions releasing energy
How can dehydrogenase activity be investigaetd?
Investigated using artificial hydrogen acceptors like DCPIP, methylene blue and tetrazolium compounds.
Colour change observed when DCPIP is reduced?
Dark blue to colourless
Colour change observed when methylene blue is reduced?
Dark blue to colourless