3.1

Question 1

What is a random variable?

Answer 1

This is a function that represents a set of numbers and there is a probability associated with a number being picked from the sample space.

Question 2

What is an observation?

Answer 2

This is an individual occurrence.

Question 3

What is the data?

Answer 3

This is the recorded information of one or more variables for a set of observations.

Question 4

What is the dataset?

Answer 4

This is a particular set of data.

Question 5

What is the nominal scale?

Answer 5

These are observations that are categorized into groups that cannot be ranked or ordered.

Question 6

What is the ordinal scale?

Answer 6

These are observations that are categorized into groups that can be ranked or ordered.

Question 7

What is the interval scale?

Answer 7

The most you can do with this scale is subtract the values.

Question 8

What is the ratio scale?

Answer 8

This scale is also only quantitatively useful.

Question 9

What is the mean?

Answer 9

This is the average of the data and it is used to gauge the data surrounding it.

Question 10

What is the proportion?

Answer 10

This is a ratio of the category over the total observations.

Question 11

What is the population?

Answer 11

These are the set of instances that are associated with the variable of interest.

Question 12

What is the sample?

Answer 12

This is the selected subset of observations from the population.

Question 13

What are the parameters?

Answer 13

These are the means or proportions at the population level.

Question 14

What are the sample statistics?

Answer 14

These are the sample level means and proportions.

Question 15

What is simple random sample?

Answer 15

This is a random selection of objects from a size n.

Question 16

What is stratified sampling?

Answer 16

This is when the sample is divided into subgroups based on observations or characteristics and randomly selects X objects overall.

Question 17

What is cluster sampling?

Answer 17

The objects of interest that are chosen are randomly picked from subgroups that are not that different from each other.

Question 18

What is systematic sampling?

Answer 18

This is when a specific number on a list of the sample space is chosen.

Question 19

What is convenience sampling?

Answer 19

This is when the objects of interest are chosen based on ease of attaining.

Question 20

What is voluntary sampling?

Answer 20

This is when people are the subjects of interest and they volunteer to be in the sample.

Question 21

What is sample bias?

Answer 21

This is when the subset of the population has a higher or lower chance of being selected for a sample compared to the rest of the population.

Question 22

What is non-response bias?

Answer 22

For whatever reason some portion of the sample’s response is not recorded.

Question 23

What is measurement bias?

Answer 23

This is when the response recorded from the sample is not true.

Question 24

What is an explanatory variable?

Answer 24

This is the variable that is able to cause changes to another variable.

Question 25

What is the response variable?

Answer 25

This is the variable that responds and changes due to the explanatory variable.

Question 26

What is the treatment group?

Answer 26

This group contains the observations in the sample and receives exposure.

Question 27

What is the control group?

Answer 27

This group contains the observations in the sample however it does not receive exposure.

Question 28

What is a placebo?

Answer 28

This is when there is a group that receives the treatment while another group receives the inactive treatment thus it becomes a psychological test.

Question 29

What is the single-blind design?

Answer 29

The subjects do not know which group they belong to.

Question 30

What is a double bind design?

Answer 30

This is when in both groups the subjects do not know which group they belong to.

Question 31

What is the lurking variable?

Answer 31

This is the variable that can affect the response of the variable but is not taken into account into the design of the experiment.

Question 32

What is the median?

Answer 32

This is the number in the middle when ordered from smallest to largest.

Question 33

What is variance?

Answer 33

This is the spread of the values from the mean or average value.