308 CVS Drugs 1 Flashcards
AF - pathophysiology, risk factors
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How is AF classified
What are some clinical features
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What are the treatment outlines
DC shock or Phama dep on compromised or nah.
Also rhythm rate dep on 48 duration
When is rhythm control done in AF / preferred
What can be given
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AF rate control
What is given
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Give examples of beta blockers and their types
Cardiosel and non and vasodilatory
What type of drugs are
Carvediol sotalol
Propranolol too
What kind of drugs are
Atenolol esmolol metoprolol
Bios pro lol too
What types of drugs are
Carvedilol labetalol
What is flecainide used for
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Give examples of CCBs given for rate limiting in AF
Verapamil and diltiazem
Give examples of dihydropyridine CCBs
Amlodipine, nifedipine felodipine, lecanidipine
What does CHADSVaSc take into account
If it’s more than what number what is done
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What are risks of anticoagulation for AF. What score can assess risks and what does it take into account — what does it signify
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What are some alternative treatments for AF
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Lipids modification
What could some secondary causes of hyperlipidaemia be
When would you refer to a lipid specialist
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Lipid modification — primary prevention
What would you give
What patients
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What is second line after statin therapy?
What is it how does it work
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Beyond statins and ezetemibe, what else can be given for high cholesterol?
How does it work
PCKS9i
What is the pathophysiology of heart failure — generally
What are the aims of treatment
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Heart failure- generally what are the treatments
Which ones improve symptoms / mortality
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What diuretics are given for heart failure?
Group and list
Loop
Thiazide
K sparing
How do these work:
Loop
Thiazide
K sparing
List each one as well lol
What is their overall effect
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ACE inhibitors
What do they do, how do they work, what are their effects
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ACE inhibitors
Give examples of them
Ramipril, lisonopril, enalapril, captopril
Lisonopril, elanapril
What drugs are they
Also ramipril and perindopril
ARBs
What are these how can they have their effects
Give eg
When are they given
Losartan
Candersartan
Valsartan
Losartan
Candersartan
Valsartan
What are these how do they work
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Heart failure - which drugs are shown to improve life expectancy
—BB, K sparing, ARBs, ACEi
Diuretics and digoxin just symptoms control
Treatment of chronic heart failure
What do you give
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Beyond first line, what is given for chronic heart failure - what can replace hat
Ivabradine — beta blockers replace
Hydralazine plsu nitrate — replace ACEi / IRB
Sacubitril — is neprilysin inhibitor
SGLT2 - sodium glucose cotransporter inhibitor
For acute heart failure, what is given and why
Hypoxia — upright and oxygen
Diruectics
Opioids - reduce preload and anxiety
Nitrates — reduce preload and afterload is char is and pulmonary artery pressures
What are surgical therapies for heart failure
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