306 Study Guide Flashcards by Kirstie Gover

In AIDS, lymphocytes numbers

Decrease

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The percentage of red blood cells in a sample of blood is called

The hematocrit

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The part of a thrombus that breaks off and moves through the bloodstream is called an

Embolus

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People with blood type O have

Neither antigen A nor antigen B on the surface of their RBC’s so their blood can be given to most people, regardless of blood type

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Treatment of polycythemia vera includes

Reducing the thickness of blood. Frequent blood counts are preformed to monitor the blood, and further bloodletting, known as therapeutic phlebotomy

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An embolus may

Block a small artery in the lungs, heart, or the brain, causing pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, or cerebrovascular accident (stroke)

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Basophils release

Histamine, which promotes inflammation

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Eosinophils are effective in

Getting rid of viruses and parasitic infections, such as worms

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If an embolus lodges in a coronary artery,

It may disrupt the flow of blood (and therefore oxygen) to the heart muscle, leading to tissue death and myocardial infarction

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The average life span if a RBC is

About 120 days, or 4 months

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The AV node receives

The impulse started by the SA node

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Lipitor and Mevacor are examples of

Common cholesterol lowering drugs

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The pericardium is a membrane that

Covers the heart and the large blood vessels attached to it

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Parasympathetic nerve simulation generally keeps

The heart rate relatively low

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Arterioles are

Small branches of arteries

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The body cells surrounding capillaries usually have

Low concentration of oxygen and nutrients ut high concentrations of carbon dioxide and other waste products

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The femoral artery supplies

Blood to the thigh

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The intercostal arteries supply

Blood to the rib area

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As cardiac output increases

Blood pressure increases

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Parasympathetic nerve simulation generally keeps

The heart rate relatively low

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Signs and symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome include

Extreme fatigue, mild fever, sore throat, tender lymph nodes in the neck or armpit, general body aches, joint pain, sleep disturbances, and depression

In stage II cancer cells

Have not spread to surrounding tissues but are considered contained within the primary cancer site and often can be treated successfully by removing the tumor

B cells respond to an antigen by

Becoming plasma cells and making antibodies against a specific antigen

A major histocompatibility complex is

A large protein complex that is unique to each individual and is present on every cell in the body

A person receives naturally acquired passive immunity from

His mother. When a mother breastfeeds, she passed antibodies to her baby through breast milk

IgM is a

Large antibody that primarily binds to antigens on food, bacteria, or incompatible blood cells

IgA is an

Antibody found in various secretions of the body, including breast mill, sweat, tears, saliva, and mucus. It prevents pathogens from entering the body

You should wear a mask while you are in the exam room with a patient with suspected mononucleosis because

It is a highly contagious viral infection that can be spread through coughing, sneezing, and through the saliva of the infected person.

If lymph cannot be pushed through the vessels

It leaks back out of the lymphatic capillaries causing edema

A person develops artificially acquired active immunity by

Being injected with a pathogen and subsequently making antibodies and memory cells against the pathogen

Causes of pleuritis include

Viruses, pneumonia, autoimmune diseases such as lupus or Rheumatoid Arthritis, tuberculosis, pulmonary embolism, inflammation of the pancreas, and trauma to the chest

The pleura is a double walled membrane that

Surrounds the lungs and produces a slippery, serous fluid called pleural fluid that helps decrease friction as the membranes move against each other during breathing

The inspiratory reserve volume is

The volume of air that can he inhaled during forced breathing in addition to resting tidal volume

Pulmonary edema is

A condition in which fluids fill spaces within the lungs

The medulla oblongata controls

The rhythm and depth of breathing

The expiratory reserve volume is

The amount of air that can be exhaled during forced breathing in addition to resting tidal volume

Cilia are

Microscopic hair like projections from thr mucous membrane

The medulla oblongota controls the rhythm and depth of breathing. The Pons control

The respiratory rate, and it also is addicted by the carbon dioxide and pH levels of the blood and pain

In asthma, inflammation causes

Obstruction of the tubes of the bronchial tree

Influenza is causes by

A number of different viruses that attack the respiratory system, it generally last between 5 and 10 days

Placing the baby on its back is the best position to help

Prevent SIDS

The volume of air that remains in the lungs at all times is the

Residual volume

The sum of the tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume is

The vital capacity

Three structures called nasal conchae extend from the

Lateral walls of the nasal cavity and increase the surface area of the nasal cavity

Desensitization injections are probably

The best long term solution for allergies

Losing weight can often help

Relieve or reduce snoring

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of

Lung disorders that limit airflow to the lungs and usually cause enlargement of the alveoli in the lungs

When a person hyperventilates

The carbon dioxide level in the blood steam decreases because he or she is breathing excessive amounts of oxygen in too quickly

The aveloli are

Tiny air sacs made of only one layer of simple squamous epithelial cells. They are surrounded by capillaries as are the site of oxygen/carbon dioxide exchange in the lungs

A pulmonary embolism is

A blockage in an artery in the lungs. Long periods of inactivity, previous myocardial infarction, cancer, chronic lung diseases, and a host of other factors may cause a pulmonary embolism