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306 Cardiovascular > 306 Study Guide > Flashcards

306 Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

In AIDS, lymphocytes numbers

A

Decrease

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2
Q

The percentage of red blood cells in a sample of blood is called

A

The hematocrit

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3
Q

The part of a thrombus that breaks off and moves through the bloodstream is called an

A

Embolus

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4
Q

People with blood type O have

A

Neither antigen A nor antigen B on the surface of their RBC’s so their blood can be given to most people, regardless of blood type

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5
Q

Treatment of polycythemia vera includes

A

Reducing the thickness of blood. Frequent blood counts are preformed to monitor the blood, and further bloodletting, known as therapeutic phlebotomy

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6
Q

An embolus may

A

Block a small artery in the lungs, heart, or the brain, causing pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, or cerebrovascular accident (stroke)

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7
Q

Basophils release

A

Histamine, which promotes inflammation

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8
Q

Eosinophils are effective in

A

Getting rid of viruses and parasitic infections, such as worms

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9
Q

If an embolus lodges in a coronary artery,

A

It may disrupt the flow of blood (and therefore oxygen) to the heart muscle, leading to tissue death and myocardial infarction

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10
Q

The average life span if a RBC is

A

About 120 days, or 4 months

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11
Q

The AV node receives

A

The impulse started by the SA node

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12
Q

Lipitor and Mevacor are examples of

A

Common cholesterol lowering drugs

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13
Q

The pericardium is a membrane that

A

Covers the heart and the large blood vessels attached to it

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14
Q

Parasympathetic nerve simulation generally keeps

A

The heart rate relatively low

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15
Q

Arterioles are

A

Small branches of arteries

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16
Q

The body cells surrounding capillaries usually have

A

Low concentration of oxygen and nutrients ut high concentrations of carbon dioxide and other waste products

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17
Q

The femoral artery supplies

A

Blood to the thigh

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18
Q

The intercostal arteries supply

A

Blood to the rib area

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19
Q

As cardiac output increases

A

Blood pressure increases

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20
Q

Parasympathetic nerve simulation generally keeps

A

The heart rate relatively low

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21
Q

Signs and symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome include

A

Extreme fatigue, mild fever, sore throat, tender lymph nodes in the neck or armpit, general body aches, joint pain, sleep disturbances, and depression

22
Q

In stage II cancer cells

A

Have not spread to surrounding tissues but are considered contained within the primary cancer site and often can be treated successfully by removing the tumor

23
Q

B cells respond to an antigen by

A

Becoming plasma cells and making antibodies against a specific antigen

24
Q

A major histocompatibility complex is

A

A large protein complex that is unique to each individual and is present on every cell in the body

25
Q

A person receives naturally acquired passive immunity from

A

His mother. When a mother breastfeeds, she passed antibodies to her baby through breast milk

26
Q

IgM is a

A

Large antibody that primarily binds to antigens on food, bacteria, or incompatible blood cells

27
Q

IgA is an

A

Antibody found in various secretions of the body, including breast mill, sweat, tears, saliva, and mucus. It prevents pathogens from entering the body

28
Q

You should wear a mask while you are in the exam room with a patient with suspected mononucleosis because

A

It is a highly contagious viral infection that can be spread through coughing, sneezing, and through the saliva of the infected person.

29
Q

If lymph cannot be pushed through the vessels

A

It leaks back out of the lymphatic capillaries causing edema

30
Q

A person develops artificially acquired active immunity by

A

Being injected with a pathogen and subsequently making antibodies and memory cells against the pathogen

31
Q

Causes of pleuritis include

A

Viruses, pneumonia, autoimmune diseases such as lupus or Rheumatoid Arthritis, tuberculosis, pulmonary embolism, inflammation of the pancreas, and trauma to the chest

32
Q

The pleura is a double walled membrane that

A

Surrounds the lungs and produces a slippery, serous fluid called pleural fluid that helps decrease friction as the membranes move against each other during breathing

33
Q

The inspiratory reserve volume is

A

The volume of air that can he inhaled during forced breathing in addition to resting tidal volume

34
Q

Pulmonary edema is

A

A condition in which fluids fill spaces within the lungs

35
Q

The medulla oblongata controls

A

The rhythm and depth of breathing

36
Q

The expiratory reserve volume is

A

The amount of air that can be exhaled during forced breathing in addition to resting tidal volume

37
Q

Cilia are

A

Microscopic hair like projections from thr mucous membrane

38
Q

The medulla oblongota controls the rhythm and depth of breathing. The Pons control

A

The respiratory rate, and it also is addicted by the carbon dioxide and pH levels of the blood and pain

39
Q

In asthma, inflammation causes

A

Obstruction of the tubes of the bronchial tree

40
Q

Influenza is causes by

A

A number of different viruses that attack the respiratory system, it generally last between 5 and 10 days

41
Q

Placing the baby on its back is the best position to help

A

Prevent SIDS

42
Q

The volume of air that remains in the lungs at all times is the

A

Residual volume

43
Q

The sum of the tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume is

A

The vital capacity

44
Q

Three structures called nasal conchae extend from the

A

Lateral walls of the nasal cavity and increase the surface area of the nasal cavity

45
Q

Desensitization injections are probably

A

The best long term solution for allergies

46
Q

Losing weight can often help

A

Relieve or reduce snoring

47
Q

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of

A

Lung disorders that limit airflow to the lungs and usually cause enlargement of the alveoli in the lungs

48
Q

When a person hyperventilates

A

The carbon dioxide level in the blood steam decreases because he or she is breathing excessive amounts of oxygen in too quickly

49
Q

The aveloli are

A

Tiny air sacs made of only one layer of simple squamous epithelial cells. They are surrounded by capillaries as are the site of oxygen/carbon dioxide exchange in the lungs

50
Q

A pulmonary embolism is

A

A blockage in an artery in the lungs. Long periods of inactivity, previous myocardial infarction, cancer, chronic lung diseases, and a host of other factors may cause a pulmonary embolism

306 Cardiovascular (5 decks)

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