306 Study Guide Flashcards
In AIDS, lymphocytes numbers
Decrease
The percentage of red blood cells in a sample of blood is called
The hematocrit
The part of a thrombus that breaks off and moves through the bloodstream is called an
Embolus
People with blood type O have
Neither antigen A nor antigen B on the surface of their RBC’s so their blood can be given to most people, regardless of blood type
Treatment of polycythemia vera includes
Reducing the thickness of blood. Frequent blood counts are preformed to monitor the blood, and further bloodletting, known as therapeutic phlebotomy
An embolus may
Block a small artery in the lungs, heart, or the brain, causing pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, or cerebrovascular accident (stroke)
Basophils release
Histamine, which promotes inflammation
Eosinophils are effective in
Getting rid of viruses and parasitic infections, such as worms
If an embolus lodges in a coronary artery,
It may disrupt the flow of blood (and therefore oxygen) to the heart muscle, leading to tissue death and myocardial infarction
The average life span if a RBC is
About 120 days, or 4 months
The AV node receives
The impulse started by the SA node
Lipitor and Mevacor are examples of
Common cholesterol lowering drugs
The pericardium is a membrane that
Covers the heart and the large blood vessels attached to it
Parasympathetic nerve simulation generally keeps
The heart rate relatively low
Arterioles are
Small branches of arteries
The body cells surrounding capillaries usually have
Low concentration of oxygen and nutrients ut high concentrations of carbon dioxide and other waste products
The femoral artery supplies
Blood to the thigh
The intercostal arteries supply
Blood to the rib area
As cardiac output increases
Blood pressure increases
Parasympathetic nerve simulation generally keeps
The heart rate relatively low
Signs and symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome include
Extreme fatigue, mild fever, sore throat, tender lymph nodes in the neck or armpit, general body aches, joint pain, sleep disturbances, and depression
In stage II cancer cells
Have not spread to surrounding tissues but are considered contained within the primary cancer site and often can be treated successfully by removing the tumor
B cells respond to an antigen by
Becoming plasma cells and making antibodies against a specific antigen
A major histocompatibility complex is
A large protein complex that is unique to each individual and is present on every cell in the body
A person receives naturally acquired passive immunity from
His mother. When a mother breastfeeds, she passed antibodies to her baby through breast milk
IgM is a
Large antibody that primarily binds to antigens on food, bacteria, or incompatible blood cells
IgA is an
Antibody found in various secretions of the body, including breast mill, sweat, tears, saliva, and mucus. It prevents pathogens from entering the body
You should wear a mask while you are in the exam room with a patient with suspected mononucleosis because
It is a highly contagious viral infection that can be spread through coughing, sneezing, and through the saliva of the infected person.
If lymph cannot be pushed through the vessels
It leaks back out of the lymphatic capillaries causing edema
A person develops artificially acquired active immunity by
Being injected with a pathogen and subsequently making antibodies and memory cells against the pathogen
Causes of pleuritis include
Viruses, pneumonia, autoimmune diseases such as lupus or Rheumatoid Arthritis, tuberculosis, pulmonary embolism, inflammation of the pancreas, and trauma to the chest
The pleura is a double walled membrane that
Surrounds the lungs and produces a slippery, serous fluid called pleural fluid that helps decrease friction as the membranes move against each other during breathing
The inspiratory reserve volume is
The volume of air that can he inhaled during forced breathing in addition to resting tidal volume
Pulmonary edema is
A condition in which fluids fill spaces within the lungs
The medulla oblongata controls
The rhythm and depth of breathing
The expiratory reserve volume is
The amount of air that can be exhaled during forced breathing in addition to resting tidal volume
Cilia are
Microscopic hair like projections from thr mucous membrane
The medulla oblongota controls the rhythm and depth of breathing. The Pons control
The respiratory rate, and it also is addicted by the carbon dioxide and pH levels of the blood and pain
In asthma, inflammation causes
Obstruction of the tubes of the bronchial tree
Influenza is causes by
A number of different viruses that attack the respiratory system, it generally last between 5 and 10 days
Placing the baby on its back is the best position to help
Prevent SIDS
The volume of air that remains in the lungs at all times is the
Residual volume
The sum of the tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume is
The vital capacity
Three structures called nasal conchae extend from the
Lateral walls of the nasal cavity and increase the surface area of the nasal cavity
Desensitization injections are probably
The best long term solution for allergies
Losing weight can often help
Relieve or reduce snoring
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of
Lung disorders that limit airflow to the lungs and usually cause enlargement of the alveoli in the lungs
When a person hyperventilates
The carbon dioxide level in the blood steam decreases because he or she is breathing excessive amounts of oxygen in too quickly
The aveloli are
Tiny air sacs made of only one layer of simple squamous epithelial cells. They are surrounded by capillaries as are the site of oxygen/carbon dioxide exchange in the lungs
A pulmonary embolism is
A blockage in an artery in the lungs. Long periods of inactivity, previous myocardial infarction, cancer, chronic lung diseases, and a host of other factors may cause a pulmonary embolism
