3033 Exam 2 Vocabulary

Question 1

rest

Answer 1

state of mental/physical relaxation while being awake, alert and responsive to external stimuli

Question 2

sleep

Answer 2

regular occurring, reversible behavioral state in which consciousness, skeletal muscle activity, metabolism and response to external stimuli are decreased

Question 3

circadian rhythm

Answer 3

rhythmic biologic clock; complete a full cycle every 24 hours; synchronization occurs when sleep-wake patterns follow the inner biologic clock

Question 4

BSS

Answer 4

bulbar synchronizing system; pauses sleep; associated with the medulla oblongata in the brain; melatonin (sleep inducer) sometimes released; serotonin is also associated; tryptophan (aa) that is a precursor of serotonin (found in turkey, milk products, banana)

Question 5

RAS

Answer 5

reticular activating system; wakes us up; receive that sensory input; may release catylcholamines (norepinephrine); network of nerve fibers in the thalamus, hypothalamus, brain stem and cerebral cortex; essential to our wakefulness

Question 6

REM

Answer 6

rapid eye movement; stage of sleep in which brain is very active, but the body is quiet; vital signs fluctuate; accounts for 25% of normal sleep time; deprivation causes irritability

Question 7

NREM

Answer 7

non-rapid eye movement; predominate during the first 1/3 of the night; state in which a quiet brain functions in an active body; 75% of total sleep time; comprised of 4 stages

Question 8

dyssomnia

Answer 8

altered amount or altered quality of sleep

Question 9

parasomnia

Answer 9

abnormal behaviors or movements during sleep

Question 10

sundown syndrome

Answer 10

type of agitation in which the patient becomes more confused and agitated in the late afternoon or evening; behaviors include agitation, aggressiveness, wandering, resistance to redirection and increased verbal activity

Question 11

respiration

Answer 11

gas exchange between the atmospheric air in the alveoli and blood in the capillaries

Question 12

gas exchange

Answer 12

intake of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide

Question 13

ventilation

Answer 13

breathing; movement of air into and out of the lungs; involves inspiration and expiration

Question 14

resistance

Answer 14

result of any impediment or obstruction that air meets as it moves through the airway

Question 15

bronchodilation

Answer 15

increase in the diameter of airways caused by relaxation of the smooth muscles of the bronchioles

Question 16

bronchoconstriction

Answer 16

decrease in the diameter of airways caused by constriction of the smooth muscles of the bronchioles

Question 17

hypoxemia

Answer 17

insufficient oxygen in the blood

Question 18

hypoxia

Answer 18

inadequate amount of oxygen is available to cells; symptoms include dyspnea, elevated BP with small pulse pressure, increased respiratory and pulse rates, pallor and cyanosis

Question 19

hypoventilation

Answer 19

decreased rate or depth of air movement into the lungs

Question 20

hyperventilation

Answer 20

increased rate or depth of air movement into the lungs

Question 21

hypercapnia

Answer 21

increased partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide; symptom of hypoventilation

Question 22

dyspnea

Answer 22

difficulty breathing

Question 23

wheezing

Answer 23

continuous, musical sounds, produced as air passes through airways constricted by swelling, narrowing, secretions or tumors

Question 24

hemoptysis

Answer 24

coughing up blood; ranges from slight streaking of blood in the mucus to massive coughing up of blood

Question 25

sputum

Answer 25

respiratory excretion expelled by coughing or clearing the throat

Question 26

allopathic

Answer 26

used in western; mainstream; orthodox; “bio” medicine

Question 27

homeopathic

Answer 27

“like cures like”

Question 28

alternative medicine

Answer 28

complementary, non-conventional

Question 29

complementary medicine

Answer 29

can be used with traditional medical interventions and thus “complement” them

Question 30

integrative medicine

Answer 30

uses some combination of allopathic medicine and CAT

Question 31

herbal medicine

Answer 31

natural medicines; can be toxic in higher-than-recommended doses

Question 32

yin & yang

Answer 32

opposing forces at the foundation of traditional Chinese medicine; based on the concept of balanced qi that flows throughout the body

Question 33

relaxation therapies

Answer 33

promote parasympathetic activity helping to reduce sympathetic activity and restore the balance of the two systems

Question 34

therapeutic touch

Answer 34

complementary healing modality; used by healthcare provider to reduce anxiety, accelerate relaxation, decrease pain, and enhance immunity

Question 35

sanitation

Answer 35

health measures that are related to hygiene; food handling, water disposal, etc.

Question 36

pollution

Answer 36

many types; involve contamination; air, water, noise, etc.

Question 37

environmental health

Answer 37

aspect of community health concerned with those forms of life, substances, forces and conditions that man exerts an influence on and that affect our health and well-being

Question 38

environmental hazard

Answer 38

biological, physical, chemical or psychosocial threat to health that arises from the environment

Question 39

ergonomics

Answer 39

study of people at work in order to understand the complex relationships at work such as human anatomy and psychology

Question 40

sentinel health event

Answer 40

unusual or atypical pattern for illness for which an environmental cause is suspected

Question 41

asphyxiation

Answer 41

interruption in breathing that results from severe lack of oxygen because there’s no source of air, an inadequate supply of oxygen in the air or condition in which the air cannot be inhaled

Question 42

poisoning

Answer 42

adverse condition or physical state resulting from ingestion of a toxic substance