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Unit 6 History > 30.3 > Flashcards

30.3 Flashcards

1
Q

Where do communists advance in the late 1940s?

A

East Asia

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2
Q

What victory did comm get in 1949 and what did they now control?

A
  • Victory in China
  • SU ruled 1/5 of the worlds population
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3
Q

Who led the communist forces?

A

Mao Zedong

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4
Q

What did the communists fight?

A

A cold war against Nationalists led by Jiang Jieshi

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5
Q

Who won and what did they set up after their victory?

A

Mao won and set up the People’s Republic of China

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6
Q

Where did Nationalists flee to?

A

Taiwan

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7
Q

Why did Mao win the cold war?

A
  • Mao had peasant support
  • Taxes were crushing peasants before Mao
  • Communists ended landlord operations
  • Poor peasants got land
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8
Q

Why did Nationalists lose support?

A

Because of the Nationalist policies that caused economic hardship

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9
Q

What did many resent about Jieshi?

A
  • His corruption
  • His reliance on imperialist powers
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10
Q

What did the population hope that communism would end?

A

Foreign domination

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11
Q

How did Mao win the cold war?

A

Because of the support of the communist countryside
- They took over railroads

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12
Q

What did communist win in 1950 (country)

A

Tibet

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13
Q

Who fled Tibet in 1959?

A

Dalai Lama (religious leader)

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14
Q

What did the communist ideology guide reshape?

A
  • Economy
  • Society that China inherited from the dynastic period
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15
Q

What beliefs did the communist gov discourage?

A
  • Buddhism
  • Confucianism
  • Other chinese beliefes
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16
Q

Who did the government take land away from?

A
  • Rural landlords
  • Business owners
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17
Q

What are counterrevolutionaries?

A

Opponents of communism

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18
Q

What group of people were accused of being counterrevs?

A

Bourgeoisie

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19
Q

What happened to those accused of being counterrevs?

A

They were…
- Beater
- Sent to labor camps
- Killed

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20
Q

Why was land distributed to communists?

A

To help agriculture

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21
Q

Mao called for collectivization, what does that mean?

A

Forced pooling of peasant land and labor, in an attempt to increase productivity

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22
Q

What program did Mao lead in 1958-1960?

A

The Great Leap Forward

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23
Q

What was the great leap?

A

A time where Mao urged people to make superhuman efforts to increase industry and farm output

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24
Q

What did Mao create to make agriculture more efficient?

A

Communes

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25
What are communes?
Commonly owned and operated farms of communities
26
What was a typical commune?
Brought together villages and 1000 acres of land 25,000 people
27
What was a rural commune?
"Backyard industries", production of steel and other products
28
Was the Great Leap a success?
No
29
Backyard industries had what kind of production?
Low quality production
30
How did the commune system cut food supply output?
- Food output cut by removing incentives for industrial farmers and families - Neglected farmland and food shortages
31
What did farming problems lead to?
Famine
32
How many Chinese starved to death in 1959-1961?
55 million
33
How did China recover from the great leap?
By reducing the size of communes
34
What did Mao launch in 1966?
Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
35
What was the goal of the GPCR?
Purge china of bourgeois tendencies
36
What did the GPCR urge young generations to do?
Experience the revolution first hand
37
What did teenagers form and what did they wave around?
- Red guard - The little red book
38
Who did the red guards attack?
The bourgeois accused (usually by public humiliation)
39
Skilled workers were forced to do what?
Leave jobs and do manual labor and work on labor camps
40
What buildings closed (2 of them)
- Schools - Factories
41
What was there a threat of?
Civil war
42
What did Mao have the army do?
Restore order
43
Who were unseasy allies in the 1950s?
- SU - Peoples Republic of China
44
What did Stalin send to china?
- Economic aid - Tech experiments
45
What caused the SU to take away their aid to china in 1960?
Dispute over ideology
46
What country did the US support ever after JJ left?
China
47
What did Washington refuse to do?
Recognize PRC diplomatically because he saw it as a communist threat
48
What did it mean to play the China card?
US isolated the SU between NATO (west) and hostile china (east)
49
What did the US allow PRC to do?
Replace Taiwan in the UN in 1971
50
What did the US set up with China in 1979?
Diplomatic relations
51
What did JJ gov continue to rule Taiwan under?
Material law as a one party dictatorship
52
What did the Taiwan government allow in the 1980s?
Opposing parties
53
When did China threaten Taiwan?
When Taiwan declared independence (military threat)
54
Who conquered Korea in the early 20th century?
Japan
55
What did the US and SU do to Korea after WW2?
Divided Korea on the 38th parallel after Japan lost
56
North Korea was ruled by who and became an ally to who?
- Ruled by Kim il Sung - Communist ally
57
South Korea was ruled by who and became an ally to who?
- Ruled by Syngman Rhee - US ally
58
What did Kim call for in 1950?
Heroic struggle to reunite Korea
59
What did the US organize to help SK?
UN force
60
What happened in June between NK and SK?
NK attacked SK and overran most of SK
61
UN stopped NK where?
Pusan Perimeter
62
Where did the US cut of NK?
The railroads They cut off... - Food supply - Ammunition
63
What alarmed Mao and what did he do about it?
NK defeat and he sent 1000s of Chinese troops to NK
64
What did NK and SK sign in 1953?
Armstice
65
2 million NK and SK troops remained where?
Demilitarized zone
66
What was the demilitarized zone?
An area with no military forces
67
There was no what between NK and SK?
Peace treaty
68
NK...
- Command economy - Economic struggle - SU aid - Single dictator
69
SK...
- Capitalist market economy - Economic gain - US aid - Series of dictators and military leaders
70
What country reunites after the CW?
Germany
71
What economy was ahead in 1960s?
SK
72
What did the government hold in 1987?
Direct elections
73
What did the elections create?
Smooth transition to decomcracy
74
What economy slowed in the 1960s?
NK
75
What did Kim's emphasis on self-reliance do?
Kept NK isolated and poor
76
What did the government build around kim?
Cult
77
What was Kim glorified as?
the great leader
78
SU and China took what while NK stuck to what?
- SU and C took economic reforms - NK stuck to strict communist rules

Unit 6 History (3 decks)

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