30.1 Flashcards
1
Q
What countries was WW2 a devastation to?
A
Japan and Europe
2
Q
What countries were the great powers after WW2? (also known as superpowers)
A
US and SU
3
Q
What does superpowers mean?
A
Nations stronger than other powerful nations
4
Q
What did the CW cast over the world?
A
A 40 year shadow
5
Q
What alliances did the SU and the US have at the beginning of the CW?
A
European military alliances
6
Q
What organization did the US lead and what did it stand for?
A
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
7
Q
What did the SU lead and where?
A
Warsaw Pact in Eastern Europe
8
Q
Where did the SU and US first face each other?
A
The Iron Curtain
9
Q
What was the Iron Curtain?
A
Border between democratic west and communist south
10
Q
What was Berlin during the beginning of the CW
A
The key focus
11
Q
How was Berlin split?
A
- Comm. east
- Dem. west
12
Q
What did Berlin showcase in the 1950s?
A
West german prosperity
13
Q
What did the east germans unhappy w/ comm do?
A
Move to west germany
14
Q
What did east germ do to stop their fleeing citizens?
A
They built the Berlin wall in 1961
15
Q
When was the Berlin airlift?
A
1948
16
Q
Where were there revolts against soviet domination?
A
- East Germany
- Poland
- Hungary
- Czech
17
Q
When was the earliest revolt in East Germany and what happened during the revolt?
A
- 1953
- 50,000 workers confronted the Soviet Army in the streets of the German Capital
18
Q
What did the Eastern Europeans do in Poland and Hungary?
A
They challenged Soviet authority in the same of economic reforms in Poland and Hungary
19
Q
Why were the soviets authority being challenged in P and H?
A
As a response to the mass arrest of non communist leaders and the government siege of independent land
20
Q
Who was Imre Nagy and what did he do?
A
- Hungarian leader
- Ended the one party rule seeking to pull the country out of the Warsaw Pact
21
Q
Who was Alexander Dubcek and what did he do?
A
- 1968 Czech leader
- Introduced greater freedom of expression
- Limited democracy
22
Q
What ended the new freedom in Czech and why?
A
- Soviet invasion
- Because they were scared of a democratic overthrow
23
Q
What did the SU develop in 1949?
A
Nuclear weapons
24
Q
What did both the US and the SU have in 1953?
A
Hydrogen bombs
25
What were hydrogen bombs more destructive then?
Atomic bombs
26
What was the balance of terror?
US and SU races to be the better nuclear weapon nation
27
Why was the balance of terror such a big deal?
Because it was to ensure if one side attacked that the other side could destroy the original attacking side
28
What did both sides talk of during the balance of terror?
Disarmament (talks were filled with distrust)
29
What did the US and the SU begin talking about in 1969?
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT)
30
What was SALT used for?
To limit the amount of nuclear weapons on each side
31
What happened with SALT in 1972 and 1979.
Salt agreements signed
32
What did one agreement do involving missiles?
Limited anti-ballistic missiles (ABMs)
33
What were ABMs?
Missiles that could shoot down other missiles
34
What was the fear with ABMs?
That the use of ABMs would cause the other side to attack
35
What did Reagan do in 1980s?
Launched a program to build a Star Wars missile defense against a nuclear attack
36
What did people fear with the Star Wars missile?
That it could violate the ABMs treaty
37
What did both the US and the SU sign in 1991?
The Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START)
38
What did the arms control agreements lead to?
An era of détente (1970s)
39
What does détente mean?
Relaxation of tensions
40
What was the US strategy during the era of détente?
Restrain the SU through diplomatic agreements rather than military means
41
When and how did the era of détente end?
- 1979
- SU invaded Afghanistan
42
What countries had created nuclear weapons by the 1960s?
- Britain
- France
- China
- SU
- US
43
What did world leader work toward?
Keeping the arms race from spreading
44
What did many countries sign in 1968?
Nuclear Non- Proliferation Treaty (NPT)
45
What did NPT stop nations from doing?
-Developing nuclear weapons
- Stop the proliferation or spread of nuclear weapons
46
What two nations assisted the communists after WW2?
- China
- Korea
47
How did the US reach out to the world to stop the spread of the SU?
- Diplomatically
- Militarily
48
What was the NATO alliance?
NATO allies with European democracies
49
Who did the US form an alliance with in 1955?
Southeast Asia Therapy Organization (SEATO)
50
What countries made up SEATO?
- US
- Britain
- France
- Australia
- Pakistan
- Thailand
- New Zealand
- Philippines
51
Who made up CENTO (Central Treaty Organization)
- Britain
- Turkey
- Iran
- Pakistan
52
What two other countries did the US form an alliance with?
- Japan
- South Korea
53
Where did the SU form alliances?
Governments in Africa and Asia
54
How long did the SU alliance with Communist China last?
1949-1960
55
America created what kind of bases all around to world?
- Army
- Navy
- Airforce
56
What did the SU face at the end of the war?
Military hardship
57
What did America and the Allies control at the end of the war?
Oceans
58
What did the allies around the world allow the US and SU to do?
Confront each other without going head to head
59
What did SU have control over in 1949?
Mainland China
60
What did European colonies in Africa and Asia demand?
Freedom
61
There were many... in Asia
Shooting wars
62
Korea and Viet were torn by?
Conflicts between SU, US, and China
63
What did Fidel Castro organize in the 1950s?
Rebellion against Cuban dictator
64
Who won the cuban revolution in 1959?
Castro
65
Where did Cuba look for support?
SU
66
Cuban land was mostly under what kind of control?
Government control
67
What did Castro restric?
Cuban freedom
68
Where did thousands in Cuba flee to?
Flordia
69
How did the US try to bring down communism?
By using US trained cuban exiles to invade cuba (bay of pigs 1961)
70
Was the BoP invation a sucess?
No
71
What did the SU send to cuba in 1962?
Nuclear Missiles
72
What was JFK response to missiles in cuba?
Put up a blockade
73
What did the SU spread?
Communist ideology
74
What does ideology mean?
System and beliefes
75
What did the SU want to spread around the world?
Communist command economies
76
What are command economies?
Government bureaus make the most economic descisions
77
What are most economic decisions based on?
Politics and they normally don't make sense
78
Who rose when Stalin died?
Nikita Khrushchev
79
What did Khrush decounce?
Stalin's abuse of power
80
What did Khrush change?
- Closed prison camps
- Eased censorship
- Asked for peace with the West
81
Who rose when Khrush died?
Leonid Brezhnev
82
What did critics of communism face?
Imprisionment
83
Who spoke for civil liberties and what happened to him?
Andrey Zakharov (Soviet scientist) he was silenced by Brez government
84
Who was sent to a prison camp for criticizing stalin in a letter to his friend?
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
85
What did Aleksandr do?
Wrote about his time in the prison camps until his writing was banned
86
What happened to Aleksandr in 1974?
He was exiled but his influence still remained as others stood against communist
87
What was the CW?
Competition between two economic and political value systems
88
Communist economy?
Command
89
Capitalist economy?
Market
90
What is a market economy?
- Prices based on supply and demand in a free market
- Property can be privately owned
- Producers compete to sell the best products for the lowest prices
- Owners decide what products are produced
91
US and Western Europe had a mixed economy, why?
Because the governments has an economic role
92
What does containment mean?
Americas basic policy toward communist countries
93
What was containment used for?
Prevent communist expansion
94
What did the containment strategy mean?
Supporting countries under communist attack
95
What did nuclear threats lead to?
Countries building fallout shelters
96
What are fallout shelters?
Structures often underground used to protect people from fallout, or radioactive particles from a nuclear explosion
97
What did the US launch in 1961?
Community fallout shelter
98
What was the peak of nuclear fear?
Cuban missile crisis of 1962
99
What did school conduct in 1950s-1970s?
Air raid drills
100
What did CW fears lead to in the US?
Red Scare
101
What did Senator Joseph McCarthy lead in the 1950s?
Hunt for communists in America out of fear of spies
- Military and State dep accused the most
- Actors in hollywood as well
102
What did McCarthy become famous for?
Unproven charges
103
When did McCarthy's influence fade away?
When he attacked the US armies patriotism
104
What committee led similar hunts as mccarthy?
House Un- American Activities Committee (HUAC)
105
Who made up (HUAC)
People from the house of reps (1947)
106
Many labeled as comm had a hard time getting what?
Jobs
