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Unit 6 History > 30.1 > Flashcards

30.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What countries was WW2 a devastation to?

A

Japan and Europe

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2
Q

What countries were the great powers after WW2? (also known as superpowers)

A

US and SU

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3
Q

What does superpowers mean?

A

Nations stronger than other powerful nations

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4
Q

What did the CW cast over the world?

A

A 40 year shadow

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5
Q

What alliances did the SU and the US have at the beginning of the CW?

A

European military alliances

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6
Q

What organization did the US lead and what did it stand for?

A

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

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7
Q

What did the SU lead and where?

A

Warsaw Pact in Eastern Europe

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8
Q

Where did the SU and US first face each other?

A

The Iron Curtain

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9
Q

What was the Iron Curtain?

A

Border between democratic west and communist south

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10
Q

What was Berlin during the beginning of the CW

A

The key focus

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11
Q

How was Berlin split?

A
  • Comm. east
  • Dem. west
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12
Q

What did Berlin showcase in the 1950s?

A

West german prosperity

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13
Q

What did the east germans unhappy w/ comm do?

A

Move to west germany

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14
Q

What did east germ do to stop their fleeing citizens?

A

They built the Berlin wall in 1961

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15
Q

When was the Berlin airlift?

A

1948

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16
Q

Where were there revolts against soviet domination?

A
  • East Germany
  • Poland
  • Hungary
  • Czech
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17
Q

When was the earliest revolt in East Germany and what happened during the revolt?

A
  • 1953
  • 50,000 workers confronted the Soviet Army in the streets of the German Capital
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18
Q

What did the Eastern Europeans do in Poland and Hungary?

A

They challenged Soviet authority in the same of economic reforms in Poland and Hungary

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19
Q

Why were the soviets authority being challenged in P and H?

A

As a response to the mass arrest of non communist leaders and the government siege of independent land

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20
Q

Who was Imre Nagy and what did he do?

A
  • Hungarian leader
  • Ended the one party rule seeking to pull the country out of the Warsaw Pact
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21
Q

Who was Alexander Dubcek and what did he do?

A
  • 1968 Czech leader
  • Introduced greater freedom of expression
  • Limited democracy
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22
Q

What ended the new freedom in Czech and why?

A
  • Soviet invasion
  • Because they were scared of a democratic overthrow
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23
Q

What did the SU develop in 1949?

A

Nuclear weapons

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24
Q

What did both the US and the SU have in 1953?

A

Hydrogen bombs

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25
Q

What were hydrogen bombs more destructive then?

A

Atomic bombs

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26
Q

What was the balance of terror?

A

US and SU races to be the better nuclear weapon nation

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27
Q

Why was the balance of terror such a big deal?

A

Because it was to ensure if one side attacked that the other side could destroy the original attacking side

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28
Q

What did both sides talk of during the balance of terror?

A

Disarmament (talks were filled with distrust)

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29
Q

What did the US and the SU begin talking about in 1969?

A

Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT)

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30
Q

What was SALT used for?

A

To limit the amount of nuclear weapons on each side

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31
Q

What happened with SALT in 1972 and 1979.

A

Salt agreements signed

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32
Q

What did one agreement do involving missiles?

A

Limited anti-ballistic missiles (ABMs)

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33
Q

What were ABMs?

A

Missiles that could shoot down other missiles

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34
Q

What was the fear with ABMs?

A

That the use of ABMs would cause the other side to attack

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35
Q

What did Reagan do in 1980s?

A

Launched a program to build a Star Wars missile defense against a nuclear attack

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36
Q

What did people fear with the Star Wars missile?

A

That it could violate the ABMs treaty

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37
Q

What did both the US and the SU sign in 1991?

A

The Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START)

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38
Q

What did the arms control agreements lead to?

A

An era of détente (1970s)

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39
Q

What does détente mean?

A

Relaxation of tensions

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40
Q

What was the US strategy during the era of détente?

A

Restrain the SU through diplomatic agreements rather than military means

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41
Q

When and how did the era of détente end?

A
  • 1979
  • SU invaded Afghanistan
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42
Q

What countries had created nuclear weapons by the 1960s?

A
  • Britain
  • France
  • China
  • SU
  • US
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43
Q

What did world leader work toward?

A

Keeping the arms race from spreading

44
Q

What did many countries sign in 1968?

A

Nuclear Non- Proliferation Treaty (NPT)

45
Q

What did NPT stop nations from doing?

A

-Developing nuclear weapons
- Stop the proliferation or spread of nuclear weapons

46
Q

What two nations assisted the communists after WW2?

A
  • China
  • Korea
47
Q

How did the US reach out to the world to stop the spread of the SU?

A
  • Diplomatically
  • Militarily
48
Q

What was the NATO alliance?

A

NATO allies with European democracies

49
Q

Who did the US form an alliance with in 1955?

A

Southeast Asia Therapy Organization (SEATO)

50
Q

What countries made up SEATO?

A
  • US
  • Britain
  • France
  • Australia
  • Pakistan
  • Thailand
  • New Zealand
  • Philippines
51
Q

Who made up CENTO (Central Treaty Organization)

A
  • Britain
  • Turkey
  • Iran
  • Pakistan
52
Q

What two other countries did the US form an alliance with?

A
  • Japan
  • South Korea
53
Q

Where did the SU form alliances?

A

Governments in Africa and Asia

54
Q

How long did the SU alliance with Communist China last?

A

1949-1960

55
Q

America created what kind of bases all around to world?

A
  • Army
  • Navy
  • Airforce
56
Q

What did the SU face at the end of the war?

A

Military hardship

57
Q

What did America and the Allies control at the end of the war?

A

Oceans

58
Q

What did the allies around the world allow the US and SU to do?

A

Confront each other without going head to head

59
Q

What did SU have control over in 1949?

A

Mainland China

60
Q

What did European colonies in Africa and Asia demand?

A

Freedom

61
Q

There were many… in Asia

A

Shooting wars

62
Q

Korea and Viet were torn by?

A

Conflicts between SU, US, and China

63
Q

What did Fidel Castro organize in the 1950s?

A

Rebellion against Cuban dictator

64
Q

Who won the cuban revolution in 1959?

A

Castro

65
Q

Where did Cuba look for support?

A

SU

66
Q

Cuban land was mostly under what kind of control?

A

Government control

67
Q

What did Castro restric?

A

Cuban freedom

68
Q

Where did thousands in Cuba flee to?

A

Flordia

69
Q

How did the US try to bring down communism?

A

By using US trained cuban exiles to invade cuba (bay of pigs 1961)

70
Q

Was the BoP invation a sucess?

A

No

71
Q

What did the SU send to cuba in 1962?

A

Nuclear Missiles

72
Q

What was JFK response to missiles in cuba?

A

Put up a blockade

73
Q

What did the SU spread?

A

Communist ideology

74
Q

What does ideology mean?

A

System and beliefes

75
Q

What did the SU want to spread around the world?

A

Communist command economies

76
Q

What are command economies?

A

Government bureaus make the most economic descisions

77
Q

What are most economic decisions based on?

A

Politics and they normally don’t make sense

78
Q

Who rose when Stalin died?

A

Nikita Khrushchev

79
Q

What did Khrush decounce?

A

Stalin’s abuse of power

80
Q

What did Khrush change?

A
  • Closed prison camps
  • Eased censorship
  • Asked for peace with the West
81
Q

Who rose when Khrush died?

A

Leonid Brezhnev

82
Q

What did critics of communism face?

A

Imprisionment

83
Q

Who spoke for civil liberties and what happened to him?

A

Andrey Zakharov (Soviet scientist) he was silenced by Brez government

84
Q

Who was sent to a prison camp for criticizing stalin in a letter to his friend?

A

Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

85
Q

What did Aleksandr do?

A

Wrote about his time in the prison camps until his writing was banned

86
Q

What happened to Aleksandr in 1974?

A

He was exiled but his influence still remained as others stood against communist

87
Q

What was the CW?

A

Competition between two economic and political value systems

88
Q

Communist economy?

A

Command

89
Q

Capitalist economy?

A

Market

90
Q

What is a market economy?

A
  • Prices based on supply and demand in a free market
  • Property can be privately owned
  • Producers compete to sell the best products for the lowest prices
  • Owners decide what products are produced
91
Q

US and Western Europe had a mixed economy, why?

A

Because the governments has an economic role

92
Q

What does containment mean?

A

Americas basic policy toward communist countries

93
Q

What was containment used for?

A

Prevent communist expansion

94
Q

What did the containment strategy mean?

A

Supporting countries under communist attack

95
Q

What did nuclear threats lead to?

A

Countries building fallout shelters

96
Q

What are fallout shelters?

A

Structures often underground used to protect people from fallout, or radioactive particles from a nuclear explosion

97
Q

What did the US launch in 1961?

A

Community fallout shelter

98
Q

What was the peak of nuclear fear?

A

Cuban missile crisis of 1962

99
Q

What did school conduct in 1950s-1970s?

A

Air raid drills

100
Q

What did CW fears lead to in the US?

A

Red Scare

101
Q

What did Senator Joseph McCarthy lead in the 1950s?

A

Hunt for communists in America out of fear of spies
- Military and State dep accused the most
- Actors in hollywood as well

102
Q

What did McCarthy become famous for?

A

Unproven charges

103
Q

When did McCarthy’s influence fade away?

A

When he attacked the US armies patriotism

104
Q

What committee led similar hunts as mccarthy?

A

House Un- American Activities Committee (HUAC)

105
Q

Who made up (HUAC)

A

People from the house of reps (1947)

106
Q

Many labeled as comm had a hard time getting what?

A

Jobs

Unit 6 History (3 decks)

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