302 Lab F: Heart

Question 1

What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 1

Transportation of: - Oxygen - Nutrients - Hormones - Heat - Carbon dioxide and other waste products

Question 2

Which cavities make up the thoracic cavity?

Answer 2

Mediastinal cavity (mediastiunum) + 2 pleural cavities

Question 3

What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

Answer 3

The diaphragm

Question 4

What two cavities does the diaphragm separate?

Answer 4

The thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity

Question 5

What lines and surrounds the cavities within the thorax? Describe both generally and specifically.

Answer 5

Serous membranes: - Pericardia - Pleurae

Question 6

The _______ of the heart is superior and the ________ of the heart is inferior.

Answer 6

The base of the heart is superior and the apex of the heart is inferior.

Question 7

The central compartment of the thoracic cavity is the ______________, which lies between ______________.

Answer 7

Mediastinum, the two pleural cavities

Question 8

What five structures does the mediastinum contain?

Answer 8

Contains the: 1. Heart 2. Esophagus 3. Trachea 4. Phrenic nerve 5. Thymus

Question 9

The ___________ has several layers and encases the heart.

Answer 9

Pericardial sac

Question 10

The __________ is composed of cardiac muscle

Answer 10

Myocardium

Question 11

The ____________ lines the internal chambers of the heart and the valves.

Answer 11

Endocardium

Question 12

What tissue type is the endocardium composed of? What function does this serve?

Answer 12

It is a simple squamous epithelium… Which makes it smooth in order to minimize resistance and turbulence within the chambers.

Question 13

The myocardium is composed of _____________.

Answer 13

Cardiac myocytes

Question 14

Which layer of the heart provides the contractile force necessary to force blood through the circulatory system?

Answer 14

The myocardium

Question 15

The ________ is thicker in order to overcome the greater resistance of the systemic circulation.

Answer 15

Left ventricle

Question 16

The thinner __________ is sufficient to overcome the lesser resistance of the pulmonary circulation.

Answer 16

Right ventricle

Question 17

The epicardium is also known as the:

Answer 17

Visceral pericardium

Question 18

The visceral pericardium is also known as the:

Answer 18

Epicardium

Question 19

The visceral pericardium (epicardium) and parietal pericardium are composed of what cell type? What type of membranes are they, and what kind of fluid do they secrete?

Answer 19

Simple squamous epithelia Serous membranes, pericardial fluid.

Question 20

____________ within _________ reduces friction between the heart and surrounding structures

Answer 20

Pericardial fluid The pericardial cavity

Question 21

What is the tough outermost layer of the pericardial sac called?

Answer 21

Fibrous pericardium

Question 22

A layer of fat (adipocytes/ adipose tissue) is often found on the surface of the heart below the ______________.

Answer 22

Visceral pericardium

Question 23

______________ is often found on the surface of the heart below the visceral pericardium.

Answer 23

A layer of fat (adipocytes/adipose tissue)

Question 24

What structures carry blood away from the ventricles?

Answer 24

Arteries

Question 25

What structures return blood to the atria?

Answer 25

Veins

Question 26

Arteries carry blood away from the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 26

Ventricles

Question 27

Veins return blood to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 27

Atria

Question 28

Which circuit is associated with the body tissues?

Answer 28

Systemic circuit

Question 29

Which circuit is associated with the lungs?

Answer 29

Pulmonary circuit

Question 30

The _________ and ________ deliver blood to the systemic circulation and it returns to the _________ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 30

Left ventricle, aorta, venae cavae, right atrium

Question 31

The _____________ and ____________ deliver blood to the lungs and it returns to the ___________ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 31

Right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary veins, left atrium

Question 32

Blood leaving the lungs is rich in ______ and low in ______ and travels through the... (5 steps) to the systemic tissues.

Answer 32

oxygen, carbon dioxide Pulmonary veins, left atria and ventricle, and aorta and systemic arteries

Question 33

Blood leaving the systemic tissues is depleted of ______ and high in ______ and travels through the... (6 steps) to the lungs.

Answer 33

Oxygen, carbon dioxide Systemic veins, venae cavae, right atria and ventricles, pulmonary trunk and arteries

Question 34

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ separate the atria from the ventricles.

Answer 34

Atrioventricular valves

Question 35

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ separate the ventricles from the aorta/pulmonary trunk.

Answer 35

Semilunar Valves

Question 36

The fossa ovale is within the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 36

Interatrial septum

Question 37

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and ___________ line the inner ventricles and atria, respectively.

Answer 37

Trabeculae carneae, pectinate muscles

Question 38

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ anchor the atrioventricular valves via tendinous cords and contract to prevent prolapse of valves.

Answer 38

Papillary muscles

Question 39

What connects the interventricular septum and papillary muscles in the right ventricle?

Answer 39

Moderator band

Question 40

What does the moderator band do?

Answer 40

Helps coordinate contraction of ventricles.

Question 41

All cardiac veins drain into the ________ and into the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 41

Coronary sinus, right atrium

Question 42

The myocardium is composed of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 42

Cardiac myocytes

Question 43

Name 4 features of cardiac myocytes.

Answer 43

Striated, branched, uninucleate, centrally located nuclei.

Question 44

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ connect cardiac myocytes.

Answer 44

Intercalated disks

Question 45

The visceral pericardium is a _________ epithelium and is a ________ membrane that secretes \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 45

The visceral pericardium is a simple squamous epithelium and is a serous membrane that secretes pericardial fluid.

Question 46

Adipocytes are often prevalent between the ________ and the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 46

Adipocytes are often prevalent between the myocardium and the visceral pericardium.

Question 47

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are often prevalent between the myocardium and the visceral pericardium.

Answer 47

Adipocytes

Question 48

The __________ is a simple squamous epithelium but is not a serous membrane and is not underlain by adipocytes.

Answer 48

endocardium

Question 49

The endocardium is/is not a _________ epithelium but is/is not a ______ membrane and is/is not underlain by \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 49

is a simple squamous, is not a serous, is not underlain by adipocytes