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A&P Lab 302 > 302 Lab F: Heart > Flashcards

302 Lab F: Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

A

Transportation of: - Oxygen - Nutrients - Hormones - Heat - Carbon dioxide and other waste products

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2
Q

Which cavities make up the thoracic cavity?

A

Mediastinal cavity (mediastiunum) + 2 pleural cavities

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3
Q

What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

A

The diaphragm

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4
Q

What two cavities does the diaphragm separate?

A

The thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity

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5
Q

What lines and surrounds the cavities within the thorax? Describe both generally and specifically.

A

Serous membranes: - Pericardia - Pleurae

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6
Q

The _______ of the heart is superior and the ________ of the heart is inferior.

A

The base of the heart is superior and the apex of the heart is inferior.

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7
Q

The central compartment of the thoracic cavity is the ______________, which lies between ______________.

A

Mediastinum, the two pleural cavities

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8
Q

What five structures does the mediastinum contain?

A

Contains the: 1. Heart 2. Esophagus 3. Trachea 4. Phrenic nerve 5. Thymus

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9
Q

The ___________ has several layers and encases the heart.

A

Pericardial sac

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10
Q

The __________ is composed of cardiac muscle

A

Myocardium

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11
Q

The ____________ lines the internal chambers of the heart and the valves.

A

Endocardium

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12
Q

What tissue type is the endocardium composed of? What function does this serve?

A

It is a simple squamous epithelium… Which makes it smooth in order to minimize resistance and turbulence within the chambers.

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13
Q

The myocardium is composed of _____________.

A

Cardiac myocytes

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14
Q

Which layer of the heart provides the contractile force necessary to force blood through the circulatory system?

A

The myocardium

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15
Q

The ________ is thicker in order to overcome the greater resistance of the systemic circulation.

A

Left ventricle

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16
Q

The thinner __________ is sufficient to overcome the lesser resistance of the pulmonary circulation.

A

Right ventricle

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17
Q

The epicardium is also known as the:

A

Visceral pericardium

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18
Q

The visceral pericardium is also known as the:

A

Epicardium

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19
Q

The visceral pericardium (epicardium) and parietal pericardium are composed of what cell type? What type of membranes are they, and what kind of fluid do they secrete?

A

Simple squamous epithelia Serous membranes, pericardial fluid.

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20
Q

____________ within _________ reduces friction between the heart and surrounding structures

A

Pericardial fluid The pericardial cavity

21
Q

What is the tough outermost layer of the pericardial sac called?

A

Fibrous pericardium

22
Q

A layer of fat (adipocytes/ adipose tissue) is often found on the surface of the heart below the ______________.

A

Visceral pericardium

23
Q

______________ is often found on the surface of the heart below the visceral pericardium.

A

A layer of fat (adipocytes/adipose tissue)

24
Q

What structures carry blood away from the ventricles?

A

Arteries

25
Q

What structures return blood to the atria?

A

Veins

26
Q

Arteries carry blood away from the _________.

A

Ventricles

27
Q

Veins return blood to the _________.

A

Atria

28
Q

Which circuit is associated with the body tissues?

A

Systemic circuit

29
Q

Which circuit is associated with the lungs?

A

Pulmonary circuit

30
Q

The _________ and ________ deliver blood to the systemic circulation and it returns to the _________ and _________.

A

Left ventricle, aorta, venae cavae, right atrium

31
Q

The _____________ and ____________ deliver blood to the lungs and it returns to the ___________ and ____________.

A

Right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary veins, left atrium

32
Q

Blood leaving the lungs is rich in ______ and low in ______ and travels through the… (5 steps) to the systemic tissues.

A

oxygen, carbon dioxide Pulmonary veins, left atria and ventricle, and aorta and systemic arteries

33
Q

Blood leaving the systemic tissues is depleted of ______ and high in ______ and travels through the… (6 steps) to the lungs.

A

Oxygen, carbon dioxide Systemic veins, venae cavae, right atria and ventricles, pulmonary trunk and arteries

34
Q

____________ separate the atria from the ventricles.

A

Atrioventricular valves

35
Q

____________ separate the ventricles from the aorta/pulmonary trunk.

A

Semilunar Valves

36
Q

The fossa ovale is within the ______________.

A

Interatrial septum

37
Q

___________ and ___________ line the inner ventricles and atria, respectively.

A

Trabeculae carneae, pectinate muscles

38
Q

_____________ anchor the atrioventricular valves via tendinous cords and contract to prevent prolapse of valves.

A

Papillary muscles

39
Q

What connects the interventricular septum and papillary muscles in the right ventricle?

A

Moderator band

40
Q

What does the moderator band do?

A

Helps coordinate contraction of ventricles.

41
Q

All cardiac veins drain into the ________ and into the _______.

A

Coronary sinus, right atrium

42
Q

The myocardium is composed of _________________.

A

Cardiac myocytes

43
Q

Name 4 features of cardiac myocytes.

A

Striated, branched, uninucleate, centrally located nuclei.

44
Q

____________ connect cardiac myocytes.

A

Intercalated disks

45
Q

The visceral pericardium is a _________ epithelium and is a ________ membrane that secretes _________.

A

The visceral pericardium is a simple squamous epithelium and is a serous membrane that secretes pericardial fluid.

46
Q

Adipocytes are often prevalent between the ________ and the _______.

A

Adipocytes are often prevalent between the myocardium and the visceral pericardium.

47
Q

___________ are often prevalent between the myocardium and the visceral pericardium.

A

Adipocytes

48
Q

The __________ is a simple squamous epithelium but is not a serous membrane and is not underlain by adipocytes.

A

endocardium

49
Q

The endocardium is/is not a _________ epithelium but is/is not a ______ membrane and is/is not underlain by ______.

A

is a simple squamous, is not a serous, is not underlain by adipocytes

A&P Lab 302 (3 decks)

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