3.0 skeleton overview Flashcards
purpose of bones?
support
protection
anchorage/movement
mineral & growth factor storage
hematopoiesis (blood cell formation from stem cells bone marrow)
triglyceride storage (from yellow bone marrow)
hormone production
how are bones classified? what are the types
based on shape
- Long bone: shaft with two ends
- Flat bone: thin, flattened, slightly curved
- short bone: cubes
- irregular bone: anything else
what are progections vs depresions
bone markings
Projections; grow outward from bone surface
- typically an attachement site for muscles and joints
*ouward features on the surface
depressions: passages for nerves and blood vessels
what are the types of projections
- tubercle , tuberosity , trochanter: round bumps
- facet: smooth, nearly falt articular surface
*articular surface = point where two bones come together*
Condyle: rounded articular surface
*can have medial and lateral condiles and epiconsdiles next to them
Epicondyle: raised area above a condyle
spine: sharp slender, pointed projection
head: exampion of end of a bone - carred by a neck
Ramus: arm like bar of bone (ramus = branch)
what are the types of depressions and openings
Fissure: narrow slit like opening
Foramen: round/oval opening through a bone
Meatus: canal like passage way
Sinus: cavity/space within a bone
Fossa: Shallow, basin like depression in a bone
two groups of bones
- Axial: protection, support, carrying other parts
- Appendiculat skeleton: locomotiona nd manipulation (is attached to axial skeleton)
what are the parts of the axial skeleton
- 80 bones
3 major regions: skull, vertebral column and thoracic cage
parts of appendicular skeleton
- symmetrical
- pectoral and pelvic girdles attach limbs to body trunk
- each limb has 3 major segments connected by joints
- simmilarities exist between upper and lower limbs
