3.0 PAT review

Question 1

What is the difference between an organic and inorganic compound? Give an example of each.

Answer 1

Inorganic compounds whose molecules do not contain carbon, also included as inorganic compounds are carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, carbonates, and cyanides

Organic compounds whose molecules contain carbon (e.g., fossil fuels), except carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, carbonates, and cyanides, which are inorganic compounds

Question 2

What are Carbohydrates made up of and what is their purpose?

Answer 2

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen- used for energy (C, H. O).

Question 3

What are Lipids made up of and what is their purpose?

Answer 3

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen- used for creation of fats C,H,O)

Question 4

What are Proteins made up of and what is their purpose?

Answer 4

an organic compound made up of units called amino acids; protein molecules contain atoms of nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon (C,H,O,N).

Question 5

What are Nucleic acids made up of and what is their purpose?

Answer 5

largest and most complicated molecules found in all the cells of living things; the two most important are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), made up of phosphates, a simple sugar called ribose, and nitrogen-containing bases; play a major role in heredity and in controlling a cell’s activities (C,H,O,N,G).

Question 6

What is the difference between a pesticide, herbicide, insecticide and fungicide?

Answer 6

Pesticides kills pests, herbicides kills weeds, insecticides kill insects and fungicides kill fungi.

Question 7

Define diffusion and give an example.

Answer 7

Movement of substances from a high concentration to a lower concentration.

Question 8

Define osmosis and give an example.

Answer 8

Movement of WATER from a high concentration to a low concentration to balance it out.

Question 9

Define active transport and give an example.

Answer 9

Movement of substances from a high concentration to a low concentration with the aid of ENERGY.

Question 10

Define substrate and give an example.

Answer 10

The surface on which an organism lives or moves.

Question 11

Define hydrolysis and give an example.

Answer 11

The reaction of a substance with water; “hydro” means water and “lysis” means to break down.

Question 12

How is raw sewage treated? What would happen if it were dumped directly into a lake?

Answer 12

Sewage gets transported to a treatment plant into which parts are separated and treated and then released to the waterways. If it wasn’t treated it would cause problems for organisms and life forms that were living in the lake.

Question 13

What chemical factors affect the health of a pond?

Answer 13

Dissolved oxygen, Nitrogen and phosphorous, Acidity, Pesticides, Heavy metals, Salts.

Question 14

What are the properties of an acid and base?

Answer 14

An acid is a compound that dissolves in water to form a solution with a pH lower than 7.

A base is a compound that dissolves in water to form a solution with a pH higher than 7

Question 15

If an acid and base mixed what happens?

Answer 15

They will neutralize if the ph can be equated to 7.

Question 16

What effect do acids and bases have on the environment?

Answer 16

Acids or bases can damage the environment by changing the ph levels or also eating away at substances they touch.

Question 17

If there is 0.001% of oxygen in lake water, what is this in parts per million?

Answer 17

0.001/100 = X/1 000 000

10 parts per million

Question 18

How can chemicals be spread through the air, water, surface water and soil?

Answer 18

By air current/water currents/infiltration into the soil via the pores and different substances/They create a cycle of movement of substances.

Question 19

What is Biomagnification?

Answer 19

Increase in the concentration of a chemical or element as it moves up the food chain.

Question 20

What is Biodegradation?

Answer 20

The breakdown of materials by organisms such as earthworms, bacteria, and fungi; “bio-“ refers to living things and “degrade” means to break up.

Question 21

What is Photolysis?

Answer 21

The breakdown of compounds by sunlight; “photo” means light and “lysis” means to break down.

Question 22

What is Phytoremediation?

Answer 22

The clean up of the environment using plants; “phyto-“ means plant and “remediation” means cleanup; plants have been used to clean up metals, hydrocarbons, and other chemicals.

Question 23

Describe three things you should do when storing hazardous chemicals.

Answer 23

• Leave all products in their original containers with the label intact.
• Keep all products in a location not accessible to children. If possible, keep hazardous products locked up.
• Be sure all containers are in good condition and have secure lids.
• Store products in a cool, dry, ventilated place away from pilot lights, stoves, and water heaters. If you can smell a household product that is in storage, the lid may be loose or ventilation may not be adequate.
• Never store flammable liquids and gases in glass containers—they might break. Store gasoline in a metal container with a safety cap, or a red plastic container approved for use with gasoline. Keep it outside the house in a storage shed. Never store propane inside the house because a leak can cause an explosion.
• Store corrosive, flammable, reactive, and poisonous products on separate shelves or in separate locations. Toilet and drain cleaners are examples of corrosive substances. Keep acids and bases separate from each other.
• Do not store oxidizers such as hydrogen peroxide, pool chemicals, and some fertilizers near flammable liquids. Oxidizers can cause other substances to burn.
• Place products in their storage areas so that they cannot fall over.
• Always return a hazardous product to its storage place when you have finished using it.
• Safely discard hazardous substances that are old or not needed.
• If a container is rusting or leaking, place it inside a second, secure container. Dispose of both containers together at a household hazardous waste collection site.