3. Westward Expansion

Question 1

how did westward expansion affect NA

Answer 1

NA gradually driven out of traditional lands, displaced by new settlers

Question 2

Belief in Manifest Destiny

Answer 2

Americans god given right to settle the rest of the continent

Question 3

what did government do

Answer 3

encouraged settlers to move west- open up rest of continent for a growing population.

Question 4

1830 Removal Act

Answer 4

tribes from Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, Tennessee and Virginia moved onto Great Plains in Oklahoma (designated as Indian territory)

Question 5

Why did Americans move west in 1840s

Answer 5

westwards to more fertile lands (California and Oregon) discoveries of gold and minerals

Question 6

Westward expansion took settlers beyond

Answer 6

Appalachian Mountains (onto Great Plains).
Originally acted as a natural barrier between settlers and NA

Question 7

treaties with government-
Fort Laramie Treaty
Year?
Tribes?

Answer 7

1851

Arapaho, Cheyenne, Sioux

Question 8

treaties with government- Fort Wise Treaty
Year?
Tribes?

Answer 8

1861

Arapaho, Cheyenne

Question 9

treaties with government- Medicine Lodge Treaty
Year?
Tribes?

Answer 9

1867

Comanche, Kiowa, Plains Apache

Question 10

treaties with government- Fort Laramie Treaty
Year?
Tribes?

Answer 10

1868

Arapaho, Lakota, Sioux

Question 11

westward expansion did not only result in losing land.

how did it have a massive impact on lifestyle?

Answer 11

Many NA fishers.
deprived of their fishing rights.
if they moved inland to the plains they could no longer continue their traditional practice and so died out.

Affected ability to follow buffalo herd

NA believed in the great spirit (a supreme being who had made them guardians of the land, to look after it and pass it onto the next generation).
argued land could not be owned but was to be shared.

Question 12

What led to the Plains Wars and is an example of the government mistreating NA

Answer 12

Government promises to ensure NA fed not often kept.
even greater problem in Civil War. (government had more pressing concerns.)
Many NA driven by hunger rose up against government resulting in series of wars known as the Plain Wars

Question 13

when were the Plain Wars

Answer 13

1862-1868 (on and off)

Question 14

most notable clashes of plain wars

Crows war against the Sioux,

Answer 14

1862

Question 15

most notable clashes of plain wars

1863 Cheyenne uprising,

Answer 15

1863

Question 16

most notable clashes of plain wars

1867 Red Clouds War against the Sioux

Answer 16

1867

Question 17

most notable clashes of plain wars

Winter campaign against the Cheyenne

Answer 17

1868

Question 18

How did Civil War (1861-1865) worsen NA position

Answer 18

Government withdrew troops stationed on Plains, troops who replaced them often volunteers, poorly disciplined, little interest in NA.
Violence between two groups.
Most serious incident the Sand Creek Massacre in 1864

Question 19

Sand Creek Massacre in 1864, what happened?

Answer 19

attack by US cavalry on undefended Cheyenne camp. deaths of many elderly men women and children

Question 20

Major incident Wounded Knee Massacre
when?
what happened?

Answer 20

1890

cavalry killed over 100 NA men, women and children including Babies and the elderly.

Question 21

what were the government determined to do?

Answer 21

to control land in west.

Question 22

what action did government take to gain control of land in west?

Answer 22

created federal territories which were governed by officials.
aimed to populate region with small-scale farmers
passed Homesteads Act 1862

Question 23

to gain control of the west government passed Homesteads Act
when?
what did it do?

Answer 23

1862
gave farmers a 160 acre plot free on the condition they farmed it for five years
encouraged more movement to west.
Estimated that 20,000 settled on plains by 1865.