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GCSE Physics > 3. Waves > Flashcards

3. Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

definition of transverse wave

A

wave where the direction of oscillation is perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer.

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2
Q

definition of longitudinal wave

A

wave where the direction of oscillation is parallel to the direction of energy transfer.

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3
Q

definition of amplitude

A

distance from the equilibrium position to the peak of a wave

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4
Q

definition of wavefront

A

???

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5
Q

definition of frequency

A

number of complete oscillations per second

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6
Q

definition of wavelength

A

distance from the peak of one crest to the peak of an adjacent crest ( next peak along)

distance for 1 full oscillation

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7
Q

definition of (time) period

A

time taken for 1 complete oscillation

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8
Q

what 2 things do waves transfer and how

A

energy and information by an oscillation

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9
Q

wave speed equation

A

wave speed = frequency x wavelength

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10
Q

frequency equation

A

frequency = 1 / time period

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11
Q

time period equation

A

time period = 1 / frequency

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12
Q

example of transverse wave

A

light
all electromagnetic waves
mechanical waves ( water)

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13
Q

example of longitudinal wave

A

sound
compressive slinky wave
seismic P - wave

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14
Q

what is the Doppler effect

A

???

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15
Q

what can happen to all waves (rrd)

A

reflected
refracted
diffracted

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16
Q

definition of an electromagnetic wave

A

waves with an electric and magnetic component at 90 degrees to one another

all transverse

travel at same speed through a vacum

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17
Q

What is the order of the EM spectrum with increasing frequency?

A

Radio, Micro, IR, Light, UV, X, Gamma

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18
Q

What is the order of the EM spectrum with increasing wavelength?

A

Gamma, X, UV, Light, IR, Micro, Radio

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19
Q

What is the order of the colours in increasing frequency?

A

Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet

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20
Q

What is the order of the colours in increasing wavelength?

A

Violet Indigo Blue Green Yellow Orange Red

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21
Q

what is the use of radio waves

A

broadcast communications

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22
Q

what is the use of microwaves

A 
cooking 
satellite transmissions (communications)
23
Q

what is the use of IR

A

heaters

night vision equipment

24
Q

what is the use of visible light

A

photography

optic fibres

25
Q

what is the use of UV

A

Tanning salon

fluorescent lamps

26
Q

what is the use of x-rays

A

observing the internal structure of objects and materials incl. medical purposes

27
Q

what is the use of gamma rays

A

sterilising food

radio therapy

28
Q

dangers of microwaves

A

internal tissue heating

29
Q

dangers of IR

A

skin burns

30
Q

dangers of visible light

A

blindness

31
Q

dangers of UV

A

ABC
Aging
Burning
Cancer

32
Q

dangers of x-rays

A

cancer

33
Q

danger of gamma rays

A

cell mutation
cancer
(kill things )

34
Q

protection from microwaves

A

microwaves oven have shielding

35
Q

protection from IR

A

insulating materials

36
Q

protection from visible light

A

sun glasses

37
Q

protection from UV

A

sun cream

38
Q

protection from x-rays and gamma rays

A

lead

39
Q

what is the law of reflection

A

angle of incidence = angle of reflection

40
Q

what is snells law ( refractive index equation)

A

refractive index of the medium= sin(angle of incidence) / sin(angle of refraction)

n= sin ( i ) / sin ( r )

41
Q

definition of total internal reflection

A

????transmit information along optical fibres and in prisms ???core cladding refactive index must be lower than central core

when angle of incidence is greater than critical angle

42
Q

uses of total internal reflection

A

optic fibre lamps
periscope
endoscope

43
Q

what is the critical angle, C

A

angle of reflection = 90 degrees = refracted ray travels along the boundary

44
Q

equation for critical angle ( snells law)

A

sin ( critical angle ) = 1 / refractive index of material

sin ( C ) = 1 / n

the higher the refractive index the lower the critical angle

45
Q

PAPER 2

what is the frequency range for human hearing

A

20 - 20,000 Hz

20Hz- 20kHz

46
Q

PAPER 2

how are an oscilloscope and microphone used to display a sound wave

A

???
Plug microphone into oscilloscope

Microphone picks ups sound waves travelling through air

Microphone converts sound waves to electrical signals

Oscilloscope displays microphone signal as trace on the screen ( squiggly lines ( up & down) )

47
Q

PAPER 2

what is loudness determined by

A

amplitude- the higher the amplitude the louder the sound

48
Q

PAPER 2

what is pitch determined by

A

frequency- the higher the frequency the higher the pitch

49
Q

PAPER 2

when a sound wave has a large frequency how does it sound

A

high pitched

50
Q

PAPER 2

when a sound wave has a large amplitude how does it sound

A

loud

51
Q

PAPER 2

when a sound wave has a low frequency how does it sound

A

low pitched

52
Q

PAPER 2

when a sound wave has a large amplitude how does it sound

A

quiet

53
Q

PAPER 2

what is ultra sound

A

sound waves above 20,000Hz

GCSE Physics (8 decks)

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