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GCSE Physics > 1. Forces & Motion > Flashcards

1. Forces & Motion Flashcards

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1
Q

equation for average speed

A

average speed = distance moved / time taken

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2
Q

equation for acceleration

A

acceleration = change in velocity ( final speed - initial speed) / time taken

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3
Q

what does the gradient give you on a distance time graph

A

speed= gradient = vertical / horizontal

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4
Q

what does gradient give you on a velocity time graph

A

acceleration= gradient = vertical / horizontal

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5
Q

what does the area give you on a velocity time graph

A

the distance travelled

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6
Q

what is the suvat equation

A

(final speed)2 = (initial speed)2 + (2 x acceleration x distance moved)

v2=u2 + 2as

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7
Q

describe the effects of forces between bodies such as changes in speed, shape or direction

A

???

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8
Q

name 7 different types of force ( g r e t d l t )

A
  1. gravity or weight ( always act straight downwards)
  2. reaction ( from surface- acts straight upwards)
  3. electrostatic ( between 2 charged objects )
  4. thrust, push, pull ( speeding smthg up)
  5. drag, air resistance, friction ( slow smthg down)
  6. lift ( aeroplane wing)
  7. tension ( rope or cable )
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9
Q

definition of scalar

A

just value ( magnitude )

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10
Q

definition of vector

A

a value ( magnitude) with direction

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11
Q

examples of scalars

A

mass
temp
time
distance

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12
Q

examples of vectors

A 
force
velocity
displacement
acceleration
momentum
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13
Q

definition of resultant force

A

??? the overall force??? not sure

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14
Q

how to calculate the resultant force

A

??? adding or subtracting all the forces that act upon the same line ???

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15
Q

what does friction do/ what is friction

A

a force that opposes motion

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16
Q

force equation

A

force = mass x acceleration

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17
Q

weight equation

A

weight = mass x gravitational field strength

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18
Q

what is the stopping distance made up of

A

sum of thinking distance and braking distance

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19
Q

what factors effect the thinking distance

A

speed

reaction time - tiredness, drugs, alcohol, old age

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20
Q

what factors effect braking distance

A

speed
mass ( with the same brakes )
quality of brakes
grip- road surface, weather conditions, tyres

21
Q

describe the forces acting on a falling object

A

??? air resistance and weight ???

22
Q

what does terminal velocity of a falling object depend on

A

shape and area

23
Q

what is the motion of an object falling at terminal velocity

A

a constant velocity downwards

24
Q

a falling object has a weight of X and an air resistance of Y on it….. what is the net force

A

X - Y ( subtract the friction because its in the other direction

25
Q

when does terminal velocity occur

A

??? when friction is equal to objects weight

26
Q

what is the initial linear region of a force- extension graph associated with

A

Hookes Law

27
Q

what is Hookes Law

A

extension is proportional to force up until the elastic limit

28
Q

describe elastic behaviour

A

the ability of a material to recover its original shape after the forces causing deformation have been removed

29
Q

PAPER 2

momentum equation

A

momentum = mass x velocity

30
Q

PAPER 2

name 3 safety features which momentum is applied to in a car crash- and overall how its works

A

crumple zones
seat belts
air bags

the longer it takes for change in momentum the smaller the force = less severe injury

31
Q

PAPER 2

describe how crumple zones work

A

crumple on impact, increasing the time taken for the car to stop

32
Q

PAPER 2

describe how seat belts work

A

stretch slightly= increasing the time taken for the wearer to stop= reduces forces acting on the chest

33
Q

PAPER 2

describe how air bags work

A

slow you down more gradually

34
Q

PAPER 2

when is momentum conserved

A

???? when no external forces act

therefore momentum before = momentum after ???

35
Q

PAPER 2

equation for force ( in terms of momentum)

A

force = change in momentum/ time take for change to happen

36
Q

PAPER 2

what is Newton’s 3rd law

A

Reaction forces
forces come in equal and opposite pairs
if object A exerts a force on object B then object B exerts the exact opposite force on object A

37
Q

PAPER 2

moment equation

A

moment = force x perpendicular distance from the pivot

38
Q

PAPER 2

definition of moment

A

the turning effect of a force

39
Q

PAPER 2

what is the principle of moments

A

total anticlockwise moments = total clockwise moments

40
Q

PAPER 2

where does the weight of a body act

A

??? through its centre of gravity ???

41
Q

PAPER 2

what is the centre of gravity of an object

A

the point through which the weight of a body acts

42
Q

PAPER 2

??? understand how the upward forces on a light beam, supported at its ends, vary with the position of a heavy object placed on the beam ???

A

??? if a light rod is being supported at both ends, the upwards force provided by each support won’t always be the same

43
Q

PAPER 2

??? understand how the upward forces on a light beam, supported at its ends, vary with the position of a heavy object placed on the beam ???

A

??? if a heavy object is placed on the rod, the sipport closest to the object will provide a larger force

44
Q

definition of mass

A

how much stuff there is

45
Q

definition of weight

A

gravity acting on the amount of stuff

46
Q

what is Newton’s 1st law

A

Balanced forces mean no change in velocity (speed)

an object will continue at a constant speed ( / velocity ???) in a straight line, unless acted upon by a net force

47
Q

if something is moving at a constant velocity what does that mean about the forces

A

all the forces acting on it must be balanced

48
Q

when forces are balanced what must acceleration =

A

0

49
Q

Newton 2nd law

A

if there is an unbalanced force, then the object will accelerate in that direction

( F = ma )

GCSE Physics (8 decks)

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