3. Violent offending Flashcards
Definition of violence
Threatening acts likely to result in injury
Who emphasised the importance of psychological trauma?
Butler Committee (1975)
Who stated that sexual offences are violent due to the psychological harm caused?
Criminal Justice Act (1991); Crime Sentences Act (1997)
Violent crime is recorded by…
Police Recorded Data
Crime Survey England and Wales (CSEW)
2 categories of violent crime
violence with injury
violence without injury
CSEW also categorise violent crime by…
offence type (wounding/assault with minor injury/assault without injury/robbery) victim-offender relationship
Recording violent crime by victim-offender relationship - types of violence
Domestic violence
Stranger violence
Acquaintance violence
Domestic violence
wounding/assault involving partners/ex-partners/relatives/household members
Stranger violence
wounding/assault when the victim knows nothing about the offender
Acquaintance violence
wounding/assault where the victim knows the offender by sight
Instrumental violence
A means to an end, e.g. financial gain
Expressive violence
Gain gratification, emotion/feeling
Types of domestic violence
physical emotional psychological financial sexual
Clare’s Law
Domestic Violence Disclosure Scheme
Launched 2014
Gives the public a right to ask police when they have concerns about their own partner or a family member’s
Police and partner agencies carry out checks
Police consider sharing information
DV victims are most at risk when they leave
What to do with a potential offender
Assess - how much of a risk?
Manage - how to manage their behaviour?
Treatment/rehabilitation
Violence assessments (Monahan & Steadman 1994)
Risk factors used to predict violence
Type of violence and likely harm predicted
Probability that violent act will actually occur
SARA (Spousal Assault Risk Assessment)
20 item checklist used to assess violent offenders
- criminal history
- psychological adjustment
- psychosocial adjustment
- spousal assault history
- index office
Who argued for an interactive approach? And what makes the approach interactive? And why?
Limandri and Sheridan (1995):
More accurate predictions when you consider interactive factors, e.g. gender, marital status, use of disinhibiting agents (e.g. drugs, alcohol), availability of victims and weapons
Kemshall (1999)
Literature review Indicators for violence prediction: * history of violence * substance misuse * mental illness
Why assess violent offenders?
Predict future violence
Inform the pre-sentence
Target interventions appropriately - e.g. anger management strategies
Examples of assessment tools
Checklists, actuarial predictors of risk, multivariate statistical analysis
Intervention techniques
Developing victim empathy
Role playing event
Explore and deconstruct rationalisations for violent behaviour
Rehearse alternative responses
