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Clinical Anatomy and Physiology of the Visual system - Lee Ann Remington > 3 - Uvea > Flashcards

3 - Uvea Flashcards

1
Q

Compared to the Iris center, where is the pupil aperture actually located?

A

Slightly nasal and inferior

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2
Q

What is the avg. diameter of the iris?

A

12 mm

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3
Q

What region of the iris, was the attachment site for the fetal pupillary membrane during embrylogical development?

A

Collarette

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4
Q

What divides the iris into the pupillary zone?

A

Collarette

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5
Q

Where is the iris margin located, posterior or anterior?

A

Posterior, on the anterior of the lens.

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6
Q

What part of the ciliary body is the iris attached to?

A

Anterior portion

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7
Q

Where is the iris the thickest?

A

Iris Root

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8
Q

True or False, The iris always divides the anterior segment of the globe into anterior and posterior chamber?

A

True

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9
Q

What is Iridodialysis?

A

Tear of the Iris from the ciliary body

Note: there is severe damage to blood vessels and nerves (sector paralysis of the iris muscle)

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10
Q

How many layers are there of the Iris and name them.

A

1) Anterior Border Line (ABL)
2) Stroma and Iris Sphincter Muscle
3) Anterior Epithelium and DILATOR MUSCLE
4) Posterior Epithelium

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11
Q

What layer of the Iris is the Anterior Border Layer part of?

A

Stroma

Note: It is a thin condensation of the stroma, to be precise

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12
Q

What is the ABL composed of ?

Hint: 2 items

A

Melanocytes(below) and Fibroblasts (surface)

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13
Q

In the anterior of the Iris, there are absent oval shaped _________?

A

Iris Crypts

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14
Q

What is the stroma of the Iris composed of?

Hint: There are 4 distinct types

A

Pigmented cells (melanocytes and clump cells)
Non-pigmented cells (Fibroblasts, Lymphocytes, Macrophages and Mast cells)
Collagen Fibrils
Ground Substance

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15
Q

What type of cell in the stroma, actively scavenge for free pigment?

A

Clump cells

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16
Q

What type of arrangement are collagen fibrils set in the iris stroma?

A

Radial

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17
Q

Where is major circle of the iris located?

A

In the ciliary body to the iris root

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18
Q

What vessel body is located in the iris stroma, inferior to the collarette and is remnant of embryologic development?

A

Minor circle of the iris

19
Q

Are the Iris capillaries fenestrated or not?

A

They are.

Note: They form the Blood Aqueous Barrier

20
Q

True or False. The Iris stroma and stroma of the ciliary body are continuous with one another?

A

True

21
Q

What is the sphincter muscle composed of and where is it primarily located?

A

Smooth muscle cells and in the Stroma

22
Q

When contraction of the sphincter muscle occurs, what happens to the pupil?

A

Miosis occurs

Note: Parasympathetic system at work.

23
Q

What is an Iridectomy?

A

Removal part of the iris, which is used to eleviate IOP.

Note: If the Iris Sphincter is cut, it will continue to function

24
Q

What is an iridotomy?

A

Removal of the Iris but using YAG laser

25
Q

What is the anterior iris epithelium made of?

A

Myoepithelial cell

Note: Pigmented Cuboidal epithelium are joined by tight junctions and desmosomes

26
Q

What is the basal part of the anterior iris epithelium made of?

A

Contractile smooth muscle processes

27
Q

Where exactly is the dilator muscle located in the iris?

A

Iris root to a point in the stroma (below the midpoint)

28
Q

When the dilator muscle pulls the pupilary portion toward the root, what occurs to the pupil?

A

Mydriasis

Note: This is a sympathetic motif

29
Q

What is the posterior iris epithelium made of?

A

Heavily pigmented columnar cells joined by tight junctions and desmosomes

30
Q

In what positional method is the anterior and posterior iris epihelial layers listed?

A

APEX to APEX

31
Q

Since both the Anterior and Posterior iris epithlium send out microvilli projections, how are they joined together?

A

Desmosomes

32
Q

What is an Iris synechiae and what can cause it to occur?

A

An attachment where the Iris and another area are connected. Usually this is caused by a traumatic blow or whiplash

33
Q

True or False. Fuch’s of crypts are hole like structures that are always located on both side of the collarette?

A

True

Note: The crypts are used for aqueous outflow to the stroma

34
Q

What is the main contributor of eye color?

A

Melanin granules within melanocytes

35
Q

What are other factors that contribute to iris color?

A

Wavelength
Melanin granules within melanocytes
Density of connective tissue

36
Q

In which areas is there heavily amount of pigmentation the most in the iris?

A

The two epithelium layers

Note: In albinism, pt. will lack pigmentation in the epithelium layers

37
Q

What is dispersion syndrome?

A

pigment granules that are shed from the posterior iris surface and are dispersed into the anterior chamber. They are deposited on the iris, lens or corneal endothelium.

Note: This is a serious issue in regards to angle closure and aqueous outflow

38
Q

What is heterochromia?

A

Where one iris is different color than the other.This can be congenital or due to uveal inflammation.

Note: If it is congenital, then the sympathetic innervation may be suspected

39
Q

Which are of the ciliary body the thickest, nasal or temporal?

A

Temporal

40
Q

What is the termination point of the ciliary body from the posterior region?

A

At the Ora Serrata

41
Q

What are the two divisions of the ciliary body?

A

Pars Plicata and Pars Plana

42
Q

Which region contains the ciliary processes in the ciliary body?

A

Pars Plicata

43
Q

Approx. how many processes extend into the posterior chamber?

A

70 to 80

Note: the region between the ciliary processes are called the valleys of Kuhnt

44
Q

Between the pas plana and pars plicata, which one is connected to the ora serrata?

A

Pars plana

Note: dentate processes are retinal projections (in between the teeth are Oral bays)

Clinical Anatomy and Physiology of the Visual system - Lee Ann Remington (5 decks)

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