3 - troubles at home and abroad Flashcards
when was the northern rebellion
1569
what was the northern rebellion
-Elizabeth refused to allow the duke of Norfolk to marry MQS
-2 noble catholics took control of durham cathedral and held an illegal catholic mass
-then they marched south with 4600 men
-the earl of Sussex raised an army raised an army and the rebels disbanded
-northumberland was executed, Norfolk imprisoned and Westmorland escaped to France
when was the ridolfi plot
1571
what was the ridolfi plot
-the plan was for another northern rebellion to coincide with an invasion from the Netherlands, Elizabeth would be murdered and replaced by MQS, who would marry Norfolk
-the plot was exposed before it could be completed
when was the throckmorton plot
1583
what was the throckmorton plot
-led by sir Francis throckmorton, the plan was to assassinate E and replace her with MQS. Once E had been murdered, there would be an invasion by the French catholic Henry duke of guise and an uprising of English catholics.
-when the plan was discovered, throckmorton was executed, and MQS was placed under an even closer guard
when was the Babington plot
1586
what was the Babington plot
-a plan to mudur E and replace with MQS
-led by Anthony Babington, discovery of this plot led to Mary’s trial and execution when it was found that she had known and agreed with the plan
what was Elizabeth’s religious settlement
-declared herself ‘governor’ rather than ‘head’ of the church
-allowed catholics to worship in private
-appointed a protestant Archbishop of Canterbury
when did the pope excommunicate Elizabeth
27th April 1570
what was the purpose of the papal bull
it was designed for the pope to cause rebellions, as it called on catholics to end Elizabeth’s rule
when was it deemed treason to attend a catholic mass
1581
in 1581 how much were recusancy fines
20 pounds
when was it made treason to have a catholic priest in your house
1585
when was the law passed saying that catholics couldn’t travel more than 5 miles from their house
1593
when did the Jesuits first arrive in England
1580
what act was passed in 1585
act against jesuits and seminary priests, called for all jesuits to be driven out of England, many were executed
when was the St Bartholomew’s day massacre
1572
what happened in the St Bartholomew’s day massacre
thousands of protestants were killed in France, which was thought to be caused by the catholic government
when were large gatherings of catholics made illegal
1593
why did puritans not like the religious settlement
-they found the catholic parts offensive, such as the continued existence of bishops and the vestments worn by the clergy
when were puritan printing presses destroyed
1572
when were religious matters banned in court
1576
when was Elizabeth’s religious settlement created
1559
why was there conflict between Spain and England
-Elizabeth would not marry Philip
-England was Protestant and Spain was Catholic
-E sent troops to help protestants rebelling against the Spanish in the Netherlands
-Drake and other sailors raided and stole from Spanish ports
what did Elizabeth give licenses to her sailors to do
act as privateers, raiding and attacking Spanish possessions.
when was the singeing the king of Spain’s beard
1587, Drake
what were fireships
an old or captured ship would be set on fire and sent into the middle of a fleet or harbour causing chaos and damage
what was line of battle
ships would create a single line, then fire together on the enemy with the aim of sinking their ships
how were ships improved
ships were faster and more manoeuvrable, this allowed greater distances to be travelled but made raids and battles easier
how were weapons improved
cannons could sink ships from a distance, stronger and sturdier ships could carry heavier weapons
how was navigation improved
new inventions such as the astrolabe allowed for greater accuracy when planning voyages. explorers were able to prepare for passing through hostile waters.
how was navigation improved
new inventions such as the astrolabe allowed for greater accuracy when planning voyages. explorers were able to prepare for passing through hostile waters.
why was the armada forced home
the ‘protestant wind’ blew the damaged Spanish fleet into gales in the North Sea. This change in wind meant that there was no chance of the armada meeting up with Parma’s troops in the Netherlands. The English chased the armada as far as the Scottish border.
how many Spanish were killed after their defeat
20,000
