3: tissues

Question 1

what are the primary types of tissue in adult organisms?

Answer 1

connective, nervous, epithelial, muscle

Question 2

Where is epithelial tissue found?

Answer 2

surface layer of the body, hollow organs and structures, glands

Question 3

what are the three types of connective tissue?

Answer 3

skeletal, cardiac, muscle

Question 4

what is the purpose of muscle tissue?

Answer 4

movement for the body, heart contraction, substance movement, constriction/dilation of blood vessels

Question 5

what is nervous tissue?

Answer 5

network of specialized cells that monitors internal and external environment

Question 6

what is neural tissue composed of?

Answer 6

neurons and neruoglial cells

Question 7

what are the types of connective tissue?

Answer 7

bone&cartilage, loose and dense, blood, lymph

Question 8

what are the types of muscle tissue?

Answer 8

skeletal, smooth, cardiac muscle

Question 9

what are the four types of epithelial tissue?

Answer 9

simple squamous, pseudostratified columnar, stratified squamous, simple columnar

Question 10

what are four key features of epithelia?

Answer 10

basement membrane, avascular, polarity, intercellular junctions

Question 11

how to classify simple columnar epithelium?

Answer 11

an epithelium with a single layer of cells that are taller than they are wide

Question 12

what are gap junctions?

Answer 12

tiny tubes that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells and permit the flow of very small molecules, allow passage of ions from one cell to another. compromised of connexions

Question 13

what does the apical side interact with?

Answer 13

specialized to interact with molecules or substances in the lumen

Question 14

what does the lateral side interact with?

Answer 14

interconnected with neighboring epithelial cells

Question 15

what does the basal side interact with?

Answer 15

anchored to the underlying basement membrane with hemidesmosomes, oriented towards the connective tissue deep into the epithelium

Question 16

what does a hemidesmosomes do?

Answer 16

holds adjacent cells together

Question 17

what do tight junctions do?

Answer 17

restrict leakage between cells by forming watertight seal and allows electrical stimulation to pass from cell to cell

Question 18

what is the connective tissue in the respiratory epithelium called?

Answer 18

lamina propria

Question 19

what is the function of simple squamous?

Answer 19

function in diffusion, filtration, secretion and protection

Question 20

what is the function of simple cuboidal

Answer 20

function in absorption, secretion and protection

Question 21

what is the function is stratified squamous?

Answer 21

functions in protection of underlying layers

Question 22

what is the function of pseudostratified columnar?

Answer 22

movement of a secretion across the apical surface of the tissue

Question 23

what is the function of transitional epithelium?

Answer 23

accommodates distention and relaxation with changes in organ volume.

Question 24

Which connective tissue is abundant in the walls of arteries and the airway? What can they do?

Answer 24

elastic tissue, expand and recoil as pressure increases or decreases

Question 25

What are the types of supporting connective tissue?

Answer 25

adipose, reticular, cartilage, bone

Question 26

what are the types of connective tissue proper?

Answer 26

areolar, dense regular and irregular, dense elastic, loos

Question 27

what are the types of fluid connective tissue?

Answer 27

lymph, blood

Question 28

Which tissue type has the largest volume of ECM?

Answer 28

areolar aka loose connective tissue

Question 29

what is ground substance?

Answer 29

in the ecm, fills space between the cells and protein fibers, allows cells to attach to matrix

Question 30

what are the cells types present in areolar tissue?

Answer 30

elastic fibers, mast cells, fibroblasts

Question 31

what do reticular fibers do? Where's it present?

Answer 31

create a fine, mesh-like network in the ECM that stabilize/promote physical integrity, present in liver, bone marrow, lymph nodes

Question 32

What is the most abundant protein in the human body?

Answer 32

collagen

Question 33

Which type of muscle tissue forms tendons that connect muscle to bones or cartilage?

Answer 33

skeletal

Question 34

where is smooth muscle found?

Answer 34

heart and arteries, digestive tract, urinary and reproductive tract

Question 35

How would one describe skeletal cells?

Answer 35

long, multinucleated muscle cells

Question 36

How would one describe cardiac muscle?

Answer 36

short, branched, striate, intercalated discs

Question 37

how would one describe smooth muscle?

Answer 37

spindle shaped and non striated

Question 38

what is the purpose of a neuron

Answer 38

conducts action potentials from cell body to the ends of their axons and provide rapid internal communication mechanisms

Question 39

what is the purpose of neuroglia?

Answer 39

provide support and protection to the neurons

Question 40

what does the cell body of a neuron do?

Answer 40

receives inout, integrated/processes it, generates action potentials

Question 41

What is a common characteristic of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells?

Answer 41

neuroglia that produce myelin for neuronal axon

Question 42

what are mucous membranes?

Answer 42

line tracts that are open with the outside world and have specialized functions, secrete mucus

Question 43

what are serous membranes?

Answer 43

line body cavities that are closed to the outside world, like the pericardial cavity, pleural cavity, peritoneal cavity with slippery lubricating fluid

Question 44

what are endocrine glands?

Answer 44

release hormones, associated with blood capillaries

Question 45

what are exocrine glands?

Answer 45

release sweat, mucus, oil, wax, associated with ducts

Question 46

what's the difference between fibroblasts and fibrocytes

Answer 46

fibroblasts are immature and produce connective tissue, fibrocytes are mature and maintain connective tissue

Question 47

what are fixed macrophages?

Answer 47

phagocytize pathogens and damaged cells

Question 48

What are the key functions of epithelial tissue

Answer 48

provide protection, controls permeability, serves role of absorption, diffusion and filtration, produced secretions, sensation

Question 49

how is epithelial tissue classified?

Answer 49

number of cell layers, shape of the cells

Question 50

what is the integumentary system?

Answer 50

organ system consisting of skin and accessory structures

Question 51

what are key features of the skin?

Answer 51

epidermal ridges and dermal papillae

Question 52

what are the layers of the cutaneous membrane

Answer 52

epidermis, papillary layer of dermis, reticular layer of dermis