2: cells+organelles+transport

Question 1

what are sex cells

Answer 1

aka germ cells, sperm and egg

Question 2

somatic cells

Answer 2

all other cells

Question 3

What are the four major functions of the plasma membrane?

Answer 3

1. provide a physical barrier
2. regulate exchange of material with environment
   3: the plasma membrane responds to changes in extracellular fluid
3. cell-cell communication, adhesion, structure

Question 4

What is the glycocalyx?

Answer 4

glycolipids and glycoproteins that serve as protection, lubrication, recognition, adhesion

Question 5

what are inclusions?

Answer 5

chemical substances, stored nutrients like fat droplets, glycogen, lipids, etc.

Question 6

what is the rough ER?

Answer 6

-studded with ribosomes, protein modification

Question 7

smooth er

Answer 7

no ribosomes, tubules, lipid, hormone synthesis, detoxification of harmful metabolic byproducts

Question 8

Golgi apparatus

Answer 8

proteins from rough ER are further modified and then packaged into vesicles

Question 9

lysosomes

Answer 9

phagocytosis, digest things

Question 10

peroxisomes

Answer 10

neutralize free radicals with oxidase or catalase

Question 11

microtubules

Answer 11

cylindrical structure made of tubular proteins, support the cell and give it shape. form centrioles, cilia, flagella

Question 12

microfilaments

Answer 12

fine filaments of actin, involved in muscle contraction and form cytoskeleton

Question 13

intermediate filaments

Answer 13

protein fibers that resist mechanical forces acting on the cell and form cytoskeleton

Question 14

centrioles

Answer 14

paired cylindrical bodies composed of microtubules, form spindle fibers for cell division and base of cilia and flagella

Question 15

centrosome

Answer 15

granular mass that is an organizing center for microtubules, MTOCs

Question 16

microvilli

Answer 16

tiny, fingerlike extensions of the plasma membrane that increase SA for absorption

Question 17

cilia

Answer 17

move materials across cell surface, like arms

Question 18

flagella

Answer 18

propel cells, like sperm

Question 19

receptors

Answer 19

chemical messengers bind to receptors to trigger physiological change within cell

Question 20

channel proteins

Answer 20

water and hydrophilic solutes enter and leave, can be gated

Question 21

carrier proteins

Answer 21

bind to substance and release on opposite side of membrane, transport glucose, aa, sodium, potassium

Question 22

cell-identity markers

Answer 22

glycocalyx are like genetic identification tags that are unique to a cell. they allow cells to distinguish self from non-self

Question 23

CAMs

Answer 23

cells adhere to each other and to exam proteins

Question 24

simple diffusion

Answer 24

movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration, oxygen and steroids, ions

Question 25

facilitated diffusion

Answer 25

use transport proteins, glucose, amino acids