3 Thermal Physics Flashcards
State the distinguishing properties of solids, liquids and gases; relate them to the forces and distances between the molecules and to the motion of the molecules - the arrangement, separation, and motion of the molecules
Solids: fixed shape and volume; particles vibrate about fixed positions
Liquids: fixed volume but no fixed shape; particles vibrate, but can change positions
Gases: no fixed volume or shape; particles move about freely
Describe qualitatively the pressure of a gas and the temperature of a gas, liquid or solid in terms of the motion of its particles
Gas - the motion of its molecules and their colliding with the walls creating a force
Liquid -
Solid -
Brownian motion and the kinetic molecular model of matter
The random path of particles due to collisions with other particles
Describe the use of thermometers to measure temperature on the Celsius scale
Describe melting and boiling in terms of …
energy input without a change in temperature
State the meaning of melting point
State the meaning of boiling point
Recall the melting and boiling points for water
0ᵒC, 100ᵒC
Distinguish between boiling and evaporation
Evaporation - the escape of more-energetic molecules from the surface of a liquid
Boiling -
Describe condensation and solidification
Explain evaporation in terms of the escape of
more-energetic molecules from the surface of a
liquid
Relate evaporation to …
the consequent cooling of the liquid
3 factors that affect the rate of evaporation
temperature, surface area and draught over the surface
Describe qualitatively, in terms of molecules, the effect on the pressure of a gas of a change of temperature at constant volume
Describe qualitatively, in terms of molecules, the effect on the pressure of a gas of a change of temperature at constant volume
Describe qualitatively, in terms of molecules, the effect on the pressure of a gas of a change of volume at constant temperature
Describe qualitatively the thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases at constant pressure; explain in terms of the motion and arrangement of molecules, the relative order of the magnitude of the expansion of solids, liquids and gases
Describe how a physical property that varies with temperature may be used for the measurement of temperature, and state examples of such properties
Understand the terms sensitivity, range and linearity in measuring temperature; describe and explain how the structure of a liquid-in-glass thermometer relates to its sensitivity, range and linearity
Describe the structure of a thermocouple and show understanding of its use as a thermometer for measuring high temperatures and those that vary rapidly
Recognise the need for and identify fixed points when measuring temperature
Describe and explain the structure and action of liquid-in-glass thermometers
Recognise and name typical good and bad thermal conductors
Explain conduction in solids in terms of …
molecular vibrations and transfer by electrons
Convection is the main method of energy transfer in …
fluids
Relate convection in fluids to density changes
Radiation is the method of ______ transfer that doesn’t require a ______ to travel through
energy, medium
Radiation is the method of ______ transfer that doesn’t require a ______ to travel through
energy, medium
Infrared radiation is the part of the _____________ ________ often involved in ______ transfer by _________
electromagnetic spectrum, energy, radiation
Most effective surface colour and texture for radiation
Black, dull or matt
Least effective surface colour and texture for radiation
White or silver, shiny
Identify and explain some of the everyday applications and consequences of conduction, convection and radiation
