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IGCSE Physics > 2 Work, Energy and Power > Flashcards

2 Work, Energy and Power Flashcards

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1
Q

Work Formula

A

Work done = force x distance moved in direction of force
W = F x d

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2
Q

Work SI Units

A

Joules (J)

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3
Q

Work done is equal to …

A

the energy transformed

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4
Q

An object may have energy due to …

A

its motion (kinetic energy) or its position (potential energy)

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5
Q

An object’s energy can be …

A

transferred and stored

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6
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy that is due to motion

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7
Q

Potential energy

A

Energy which an object has because of its changed position, shape or state

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8
Q

Gravitational potential energy

A

The energy stored in objects raised above Earth’s surface, which is due to Earth’s gravitational field

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9
Q

Elastic potential energy

A

The energy stored when an object is being stretched or compressed

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10
Q

Chemical potential energy

A

The energy stored by chemical bonds between atoms

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11
Q

Electrical potential energy

A

In circuits, the current is a flow of electrons, which can transfer energy from, for example, a battery to a light bulb: they have electrical potential energy

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12
Q

Nuclear potential energy

A

The energy stored in the nucleus of an atom

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13
Q

Thermal energy

A

When hot objects cool down, their atoms and molecules slow down and lose energy: this is thermal energy

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14
Q

Radiated energy

A

Light and sound waves are radiated from sources, these carry energy

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15
Q

Kinetic energy formula

A

KE = ½mv 2

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16
Q

Gravitational potential energy formula

A

GPE = mgh

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17
Q

Internal energy

A

The sum of the kinetic and chemical energy of the particles that make up an object

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18
Q

Energy is transferred by … (4)

A

forces (mechanical working), electric currents (electrical working), heating and waves

19
Q

Law of conservation of energy

A

Energy cannot be made or destroyed, but can change from one form to another.

20
Q

Efficiency equations (3)

A

Efficiency = useful work done / total energy input
Efficiency = useful energy output / total energy input
Efficiency = useful power output / total power input

21
Q

Force SI units

A

Newtons (N)

22
Q

Energy SI units

A

Joules (J)

23
Q

Mass SI units

A

Kilograms (kg)

24
Q

Weight is a …
Therefore, its SI units are …

A

force
Newtons (N)

25
Q

Average speed equation

A

Average speed = distance moved / time taken

26
Q

Acceleration equation

A

Acceleration = gain in speed / time taken

27
Q

Force equation

A

Force = mass x acceleration

28
Q

Weight equation

A

Weight = mass x gravity (10N/kg)
W = m x g

29
Q

Power Equation

A

Power = work done (energy transformed) / time taken
P = ΔE / t

30
Q

Renewable Energy Sources (List: 7)

A

Hydroelectric energy, Tidal energy, Wind energy, Wave energy, Geothermal energy, Solar energy, Biofuels

31
Q

Non-Renewable Energy Sources (List: 2)

A

Fossil fuels, Nuclear fuels

32
Q

Hydroelectric energy

A

Water flows down from behind a dam, turning generators

33
Q

Tidal energy

A

Generators are turned by the tide of water coming in and/or going out

34
Q

Wind energy

A

Generators are driven by wind turbines

35
Q

Wave energy

A

Generators are driven by the up-and-down motion of waves at sea

36
Q

Geothermal energy

A

Means “heat from the Earth” - due to rising steam from water that is pumped down to hot rocks deep underground

37
Q

Solar energy

A

Solar panels or solar cells absorb the light energy from the sun and use it to heat water or generate an electric current, respectively

38
Q

Biofuels

A

Fuels made from plant or animal matter, sometimes called biomass, which can be burnt to release energy

39
Q

Fossil fuels

A

Fuels made from the fossils of plants and animals long ago, which can be burnt to release energy

40
Q

Nuclear fuels

A

The energy is released by fission, a process in which the nuclei of uranium atoms are split, at nuclear power stations

41
Q

The SUN is the source of energy of all of our energy sources except …

A

geothermal, nuclear and tidal

42
Q

The MOON is the source of energy for which energy source?

A

Tidal

43
Q

Energy is released by what process in the SUN?

A

Nuclear fusion, a process in which the nuclei of hydrogen atoms are pushed together to form helium

44
Q

Efficiency can be expressed as a percentage by …

A

multiplying by 100

IGCSE Physics (9 decks)

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