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Chemistry Paper 1 > 3. Structure and Bonding > Flashcards

3. Structure and Bonding Flashcards

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1
Q

The three states of matter are…

A

solids, liquids and gases

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2
Q

Particles in a solid are…

A

packed closely together and vibrate around fixed positions

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3
Q

Particles in a liquid are…

A

close together but can slide over each other with random motion

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4
Q

Particles in a gas have…

A

lots of space between them and move around quickly and randomly

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5
Q

In melting and boiling…

A

energy is transferred from the surroundings into the substance

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6
Q

In freezing and condensing

A

energy is transferred from the substance into the surroundings

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7
Q

Elements in group 1 can react with…

A

elements in group 7

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8
Q

Group 1 atoms can lose…

A

1 electron to become stable

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9
Q

Group 7 atoms can gain…

A

1 electron to become stable

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10
Q

Ionic compounds are held together by…

A

strong forces of attraction between their oppositely charged ions, this is ionic bonding

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11
Q

Elements than can form ionic compounds are found in…

A

groups 1, 2, 6 and 7

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12
Q

A giant ionic lattice is held together because…

A

it takes a lot of energy to break many strong ionic bonds that operate in many directions

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13
Q

Why do ionic compounds only conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water?

A

Their ions can then become mobile and carry charge throughout the liquid

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14
Q

When are covalent bonds formed?

A

When atoms of non-metals share pairs of electrons with eachother

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15
Q

Each shared pair of electrons is…

A

a covalent bond

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16
Q

Substances containing covalent bonds consist of simple molecules yet some have…

A

giant covalent structures

17
Q

Substances made of simple molecules have…

A

low melting and boiling points

18
Q

Simple molecules cannot carry electrical charge because…

A

they have no overall charge

18
Q

Forces between simple molecules are…

A

weak

19
Q

Giant covalent structures have very high…

A

melting and boiling points

20
Q

Graphite is soft and slippery as…

A

It contains layers of covalently bonded carbon atoms yet there are no covalent bonds between layers meaning they can slide over each other easily

21
Q

Graphite can easily conduct electricity and thermal energy because…

A

it contains delocalised electrons that can easily be carried along the layers

22
Q

As well as graphite and diamond, Carbon also exists as…

A

fullerenes

23
Q

Fullerenes can form…

A

large cage-like structures and tubes based off the hexagonal rings of carbon atoms

24
Q

Fullerenes can be used for…

A

Transporting drugs within the body, as catalysts or as reinforcements for composite materials

25
Q

What is graphene and what can it be used for?

A

It is a single layer of graphite, it can be used to help create new developments for electronics in the future

26
Q

Atoms in metals are…

A

arranged closely together and in regular layers

27
Q

How can you think of metallic bonding?

A

As positively charged metal ions that are held together by electrons from the outer shells of each metal ions.

28
Q

Metals are good conductors as due to metallic bonding they have…

A

delocalised electrons that can easily move throughout the giant metallic lattice

29
Q

Why can metals be bent and shaped?

A

Because layers of atoms in a giant metallic lattice can easily slide over each other

30
Q

Why are alloys harder than regular metals?

A

The layers of metal is distorted by larger atoms of the alloy therefore meaning they cannot slide over each other

31
Q

What is nanoscience?

A

The study of small particles between 1 and 100 nanometres in size

32
Q

Nanoparticles have a high…

A

surface area to volume ratio

33
Q

Why are nanoparticles so beneficial?

A

They may lead to smaller amounts of substances such as catalysts being needed in industrial processes

34
Q

Why can the increased use of nanoparticles be worrying?

A

Possible issues may arise in terms of health problems and the environment

35
Q

Nanoparticles are commonly found in…

A

cosmetics such as beauty products, sun creams and deodorants

Chemistry Paper 1 (5 decks)

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