1. Atomic Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Substances are all made of tiny particles, these are called…

A

Atoms

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2
Q

Substances made of only one type of atom are called…

A

Elements

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3
Q

All of the symbols for elements are arranged and displayed on the…

A

Periodic Table

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4
Q

The columns in the periodic table are called…

A

Groups

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5
Q

On the left of the periodic table are…

A

Metals

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6
Q

On the right of the periodic table are…

A

Non-Metals

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7
Q

The structure of an atom is…

A

A central nucleus with electrons orbiting it in shells

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8
Q

Compounds contain…

A

More than one type of atom

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9
Q

Chemical equations show…

A

The reactants (what you start with) and products (what you end up with)

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10
Q

CaCO3 —> CaO + CO2 is an example of…

A

A balanced symbol equation showing calcium carbonate decomposing

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11
Q

What is the law of conservation of mass?

A

The total mass of the products formed in a reaction is equal to the total mass of the reactants

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12
Q

What are state symbols?

A

State symbols give extra information about the equation, they include (s), (l), (g), and (aq)

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13
Q

How would you balance the equation H2 + O2 —> H2O?

A

2H2 + O2 —> 2H2O

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14
Q

In a chemical reaction, atoms are never…

A

created or destroyed

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15
Q

What is a mixture?

A

Something made up of two or more substances that are not chemically combined together

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16
Q

Mixtures can be separated by physical means such as…

A

filtration, crystallisation and simple distillation

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17
Q

What is fractional distillation?

A

An effective way of separating miscible liquids using a fractionating column

18
Q

What makes fractional distillation possible?

A

The different boiling points of liquids in a mixture

19
Q

What is paper chromatography?

A

A way of separating mixtures of substances by using a solvent

20
Q

What makes paper chromatography possible?

A

The different solubilities of the substances in the solvent

21
Q

How did John Dalton describe an atom in the 1800s?

A

A tiny hard sphere that could not be split or divided

22
Q

What did J.J. Thomson discover?

A

The electron

23
Q

What was Thomson’s ‘Plum Pudding’ model of the atom?

A

A cloud of positive charge with negative electrons embedded within it

24
Q

Which scientists conducted the alpha particle experiment that changed the plum pudding model?

A

Geiger and Marsden

25
Q

Who proposed the existence of the nucleus of an atom and therefore created a new model of the atom?

A

Rutherford

26
Q

Who discovered electron shells?

A

Niels Bohr

27
Q

Who discovered neutrons in 1932?

A

James Chadwick

28
Q

What is the relative charge of a proton?

A

+1 (positive)

29
Q

What is the relative charge of an electron?

A

-1 (negative)

30
Q

What is the relative charge of a neutron?

A

0 (neutral)

31
Q

What is the relative mass of a proton?

32
Q

What is the relative mass of an electron?

A

very small, almost 0

33
Q

What is the relative mass of a neutron?

34
Q

The atomic number of an atom is the…

A

number of protons in the atom, this is the same as the number of electrons

35
Q

The mass number of an atom is the…

A

number of protons + the number of neutrons

36
Q

How is an ion created?

A

When an atom gains or loses an electron

37
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

38
Q

How many electrons does the electron shell closest to the nucleus hold?

39
Q

How many electrons does the other electron shells of an atom hold?

40
Q

The number of electrons in the outer shell of an atom…

A

determines the way in which that element will react and is the same as the Group it is in on the periodic table.