3. Starch, Fiber, Protein, Fats, Prebiotics Flashcards
What carbohydrates can bacteria digest?
Fiber (beta bonds)
-oligosaccharides
-non-starch polysaccharides (cellulose, pectin, wax, lingin)
What carbohydrates can mammals digest?
Alpha bonds
- maltose, sucrose, fructose, lactose, starch, glycogen
What nutrient is derived from protein
Amino acids
What nutrient is derived from lipids
Fatty acids
How are fats absorbed and transported
Binding to bile salts and passively passing through the intestinal lumen into the lymphatic system
How are proteins absorbed and transferred?
Small peptides and amino acids actively transported through brush border
Mainly small amino acids actively transported through epithelium into portal vein
How are synthesized SCFAs transported?
Passively
Actively by facilitated and symporter transport
How are carbohydrates digested and absorbed
Starch lactose and fructose enter brush border
Galactose, glucose, and fructose are actively transported through epithelium to portal vein
Essential nutrient
A nutrient that cannot be synthesized by an animal, must be obtained through the diet
Conditionally essential nutrient
A nutrient that an animal can usually synthesize but certain physiological conditions can cause a relative deficiency
Non-essential nutrient
A nutrient that is synthesized in sufficient quantity, not specifically required in food
Digestability
Foods gross nutrient content released by chemical and mechanical digestion
Bioavailability
How readily a nutrient becomes available to support metabolism following digestion
Apparent digestibility
Gross energy
Nutrient intake - extretion in feces
True digestability
Nutrient intake - feces & endogenous losses (intestinal enzymes, dead cells, etc)
