3 - Specialty Refractive Techniques Flashcards
Modifications for static retinoscopy for pediatrics?
bracket, be fast and precise, use loose lenses or ret bars
After retinoscopy, it is a good idea to put rx in trial frame and do _
emmetropia screening
Mohindra: target is light from retinoscope at _ cm lights are _ scoping is _, other eye is occluded working distance to take out is _D
50
off
monocular
1.25
autorefraction is most useful after _, and also good for _
cycloplegic drops, Ks
Grand Seiko is _ and can measure _
open field (prevents over -), accommodative posture
major advantage of photorefraction is _
you don’t have to get close to patients, works by taking pic of eyes and analyzing light pattern that returns
photorefraction assesses pathology, measures _, and if eyes are _
PD, aligned
atropine mydriasis for _, cycloplegic for _
7-10 days, 7-12 days
cyclopentalate mydriasis for _, cycloplegic for _
24 hours, 24 hours
tropicamide mydriasis for _, cycloplegic for _
4-6 hours, 4 hours
use cyclopentalate when accommodation is hindering exam:
small pupils, variable ret results, poor end points on refraction, VA conflicts, eso @ distance, high AC/A and eso, high NRA
residual accommodation with tropicamide or cyclopentolate:
t = 5D c = 0.75 D
cyclopentolate is _
anticholinergic - antagonizes Ach receptor, stops iris sphincter and CB, paralyzing accommodation and causing mydriasis
under 1 year old, _% cyclo
over 1 year old, _% cyclo
0.5%
1% - 2 drops, 5 mins between, refraction after 30 mins
Who will likely have reaction to cyclo?
frail cardiovascular system, compromised CNS, narrow anterior chamber
idea for binocular refraction: peripheral fusion is maintained while monocular foveal vision is assessed, with normal distance viewing, and DOES NOT disrupt vergence and accommodation relationship
–
binocular refraction benefits: greater control of _ (because of equal luminance) peripheral fusion _ feedback, stablizing CA/C more accurate endpoint of _
accommodation
vergence
cyl axis
part of slide seen with both eyes, part with right, part with left, using polarized lenses and screen
ventographic slide
physical block divides images seen by each eye
is fusion present?
septum
NO FUSION
blur od while refining os, vice versa; don’t need to balance after, ends balanced
Humphriss Fogging Technique
most hyperopic infants will _
most myopic infants will _
stay hyperopic and the extent will lessen;
become hyperopic and proceed into myopic in early teens
there is increase in prevalence of myopia in _ aged children
school
amblyoia risk: anisometropia astigmatism: hyp: myop:
> 1.50D
1.00D !!! high risk
3.00D
amblyoia risk: isometropia astigmatism: hyp: myop:
> 2.50D
5.00D
8.00D
