3 - Specialty Refractive Techniques

Question 1

Modifications for static retinoscopy for pediatrics?

Answer 1

bracket, be fast and precise, use loose lenses or ret bars

Question 2

After retinoscopy, it is a good idea to put rx in trial frame and do _

Answer 2

emmetropia screening

Question 3

Mohindra:
target is light from retinoscope at _ cm
lights are _
scoping is _, other eye is occluded
working distance to take out is _D

Answer 3

50
off
monocular
1.25

Question 4

autorefraction is most useful after _, and also good for _

Answer 4

cycloplegic drops, Ks

Question 5

Grand Seiko is _ and can measure _

Answer 5

open field (prevents over -), accommodative posture

Question 6

major advantage of photorefraction is _

Answer 6

you don’t have to get close to patients, works by taking pic of eyes and analyzing light pattern that returns

Question 7

photorefraction assesses pathology, measures _, and if eyes are _

Answer 7

PD, aligned

Question 8

atropine mydriasis for _, cycloplegic for _

Answer 8

7-10 days, 7-12 days

Question 9

cyclopentalate mydriasis for _, cycloplegic for _

Answer 9

24 hours, 24 hours

Question 10

tropicamide mydriasis for _, cycloplegic for _

Answer 10

4-6 hours, 4 hours

Question 11

use cyclopentalate when accommodation is hindering exam:

Answer 11

small pupils, variable ret results, poor end points on refraction, VA conflicts, eso @ distance, high AC/A and eso, high NRA

Question 12

residual accommodation with tropicamide or cyclopentolate:

Answer 12

t = 5D
c = 0.75 D

Question 13

cyclopentolate is _

Answer 13

anticholinergic - antagonizes Ach receptor, stops iris sphincter and CB, paralyzing accommodation and causing mydriasis

Question 14

under 1 year old, _% cyclo

over 1 year old, _% cyclo

Answer 14

0.5%

1% - 2 drops, 5 mins between, refraction after 30 mins

Question 15

Who will likely have reaction to cyclo?

Answer 15

frail cardiovascular system, compromised CNS, narrow anterior chamber

Question 16

idea for binocular refraction: peripheral fusion is maintained while monocular foveal vision is assessed, with normal distance viewing, and DOES NOT disrupt vergence and accommodation relationship

Answer 16

–

Question 17

binocular refraction benefits:
greater control of _ (because of equal luminance)
peripheral fusion
_ feedback, stablizing CA/C
more accurate endpoint of _

Answer 17

accommodation
vergence
cyl axis

Question 18

part of slide seen with both eyes, part with right, part with left, using polarized lenses and screen

Answer 18

ventographic slide

Question 19

physical block divides images seen by each eye

is fusion present?

Answer 19

septum

NO FUSION

Question 20

blur od while refining os, vice versa; don’t need to balance after, ends balanced

Answer 20

Humphriss Fogging Technique

Question 21

most hyperopic infants will _

most myopic infants will _

Answer 21

stay hyperopic and the extent will lessen;

become hyperopic and proceed into myopic in early teens

Question 22

there is increase in prevalence of myopia in _ aged children

Answer 22

school

Question 23

amblyoia risk:
anisometropia
astigmatism:
hyp:
myop:

Answer 23

> 1.50D
1.00D !!! high risk
3.00D

Question 24

amblyoia risk:
isometropia
astigmatism:
hyp:
myop:

Answer 24

> 2.50D
5.00D
8.00D

Question 25

When to rx:

hyperopia:

Answer 25

> +2.00D

Question 26

when to rx:
-1 to -3:
-3 to -5:
>-5:

Answer 26

when older than 3
age 1 to 3
any age

Question 27

when to rx:

astigmatism:

Answer 27

-1.25 at any age over 3 IF STABLE