3. Role of Individuals 1890-1914

Question 1

Key Term: Suzerainty

Answer 1

Control over another state, particularly in foreign affairs while allowing subservient national internal autonomy (freedom)

Question 2

Joseph Chamberlain: Beliefs/ Ideas

Answer 2

• ‘man on a mission’
• empire sustains British prosperity and prestige
• interest in expansion into Africa
• imperial duty to expand in lesser areas of the empire

Question 3

Joseph Chamberlain: Imperial Roles

Answer 3

Secretary of State for the colonies, in conservative led coalition government (opposing Gladstone) from 1895-1903

Question 4

Joseph Chamberlain: Influence on the Empire

Answer 4

• Ugandan Railway connecting East Arica to interior
• conquest of Ashantiland in Gold Coast of W Africa
• 1900: supervised the Royal Niger Company
• 1906: failure to convince people at home on tariff reform and develop ties after Boer War and Liberals won greatest majority since 1830s

Question 5

Cecil Rhodes: Beliefs/ ideas

Answer 5

Civilisation was key for the betterment of the world

Question 6

Cecil Rhodes: imperial roles

Answer 6

Prime minister or Cape Colony in 1890, but in 1896 retired after Jameson Raid

Question 7

Cecil Rhodes: Influence on the Empire

Answer 7

• demonstrated to people necessity to dominate Africa
• settlers established Fort Salisbury in Matabeleland which opened up new territories and became ‘Rhodesia’
• Failure of Cape to Cairo railway due to German occupation of E Africa in 1891
• Funds helped future imperial development, Round Table: people with like minded ideas

Question 8

Colonial Administration: Viceroy Curzon, beliefs and key events

Answer 8

• moral and imperial duty
• improved agriculture, re armed native regiments, railway and promoted scientific/ medical education
• Founded Imperial Cadet Corps, but distrusted indigenous people
• lack of care shown by Partition of Bengal

Question 9

Colonial Administration: Evelyn Baring (political, financial, education and military role)

Answer 9

• pol, British Consul General in Egypt
• Fin, £70 mil debt from Isma’il rule, cut down on military and bureaucracy
• ed, founded university of Cairo
• mil, reformed army with 6000 British troops but controlled by Kitchener

Question 10

Colonial Administration: Alfred Milner

Answer 10

• Egypt from 1889-92
• high commissioner of S Africa from 1898
• known for taking Britain to Boer War
• After promoted people to ‘Milner Kindegarten’ worked to resettle Boer relationships through economic growth (eg. Gold)
• 1904 sent Chinese Coolies to S Africa, poor public opinion
• 1906 new liberal gov rejected plans in the Transvaal