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Renal > 3 - renal filtration, reabsorption and secretion > Flashcards

3 - renal filtration, reabsorption and secretion Flashcards

1
Q

3 basic renal processes?

A

filtration
reabsorption
secretion

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2
Q

where does filtration take place?

A

glomerulus

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3
Q

~% of plasma is in the filtrate?

A

20%

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4
Q

normal GFR?

A

180 litres/day

125ml/min

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5
Q

benefit of normal GFR being very high?

A

ample opportunities to -
regulate ECF volume and composition
eliminate harmful substances

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6
Q

reabsorption in the PCT?

A

NaCl
H2O
amino acids
sugars

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7
Q

reabsorption in the DCT?

A

NaCl

H2O

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8
Q

purpose of secretion?

A

to specifically remove harmful substances

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9
Q

why can damage to kidneys be lethal?

A

large blood supply and cardiac output

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10
Q

consequence of having large cardiac output on the kidneys?

A

increased vulnerability of vascular disease

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11
Q

how much cardiac output do the kidneys receive?

A

20-25%

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12
Q

renal plasma flow?

A

660mls/min

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13
Q

function of hydrostatic forces?

A

favours filtration by pushing blood into bowman’s capsule

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14
Q

function of oncotic pressure forces?

A

favours reabsorption

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15
Q

3 factors affecting the permselectivity of the glomerular barrier and substances being absorbed?

A

molcular size
electrical charge
shape of molecule

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16
Q

what is the filtration fraction?

A

GFR / renal plasma flow x100

17
Q

why is Pgc higher than other capillaries?

A

due to the low resistance of the afferent arterioles

18
Q

what maximises pressure conditions within bowman’s capsules?

A

afferent arterioles being short, wide and therefore low resistance and pressure
AND
efferent arterioles being long, narrow and therefore high resistance and pressure

19
Q

Pgc - what is it always higher than and what is the result of this?

A

always higher than oncotic pressure -

therefore, filtration is always favoured

20
Q

golden rule of circulation?

A

high resistance causes increased hydrostatic pressure upstream while decreasing pressure downstream

21
Q

what occurs at glomerular capillaries?

A

ONLY filtration

22
Q

1y factor affecting GFR?

A

Pgc - which is dependent on afferent and efferent arteriolar diameter

23
Q

3 extrinsic factors affecting GFR?

A

sympathetic nerves
circulating catecholamines
angiotensin II

24
Q

effect of sympathetic n on GFR?

A

afferent and efferent vasoconstriction

25
Q

effect of circulating catecholamines on GFR?

A

afferent vasoconstriction

26
Q

effect of angiotensin II on GFR?

A

vasoconstriction of efferent at low concentrations,

vasoconstriction of efferent AND afferent at high concentrations

27
Q

result of increase in resistance of afferent arteriole?

A

decreased pressure of capillary blood

-> decreased GFR

28
Q

result of increase in resistance of efferent arteriole?

A

increased pressure of capillary blood

-> increased GFR

29
Q

result of decrease in resistance of afferent arteriole?

A

increased pressure of capillary blood

-> increased GFR

30
Q

normal range of BP?

A

60-130 mmHg

31
Q

what occurs when BP <60mmHg?

A

glomerular filtration decreases

32
Q

what occurs when BP=50mmHg?

A

glomerular filtration stops altogether

33
Q

result of increasing mean arterial pressure?

A

increased afferent arteriole constriction and therefore decreased pressure of capillary blood

34
Q

is auto regulation dependent on anything?

A

it is independent of nerves and hormones and it occurs in denervated and isolated kidneys

35
Q

what plays an important role in auto regulation?

A

blood volume

36
Q

reabsorption of peritubular capillaries - describe the efferent arterioles relationship to hydrostatic pressure?

A

efferent arterioles are long and narrow, therefore increasing the resistance and pressure
this decreases the pressure of the blood and so the hydrostatic pressure also decreases to ~15mmHg

Renal (6 decks)

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