1 - pre-practical anatomy Flashcards
level of transpyloric plane?
L1
surface anatomy - how do you locate transpyloric plane?
midpoint between jugular notch and pubic symphysis
purpose of fascial coverings?
afford the kidneys protection
peritonisation of kidney?
retroperitoneal
3 posterior relations of kidneys? superior to inferior
diaphragm
psoas major
quadrates lumborum
position of vessels in hilum?
Vein
Artery
Ureter
origin of renal vein?
IVC
origin of renal artery?
abdo aorta
3 parts making up renal cortex?
renal corpuscle
proximal convoluted tubule
distal convoluted tubule
3 parts making up renal medulla?
loop of Henle
collecting tubule
collecting duct
what type of epithelium is always present around capillaries?
simple squamous
which 3 sites can uritic calculi (kidney stones) lodge?
origin of ureter
pelvic brim of ureter
vesico ureteric junction
2 cavities the ureter passes through?
abdominal
pelvic
name 4 components of urinary system?
kidneys
ureter
urinary bladder
urethra
function of kidneys?
maintains homeostasis by blood filtration
function of ureter?
carries urine from kidney to urinary bladder
function of urinary bladder?
stores urine, allows control of urination
function of urethra?
carries urine from urinary bladder to outside of body
position of kidneys?
in paravertebral gutters on posterior abdo wall at T12-L3
level of hilum of kidney?
L1
which kidney is lower down and why?
RHS and due to presence of liver
4 layers enclosing the kidney? internal to external
fibrous renal capsule
fatty renal capsule
renal fascia
pararenal fatty tissue
are kidneys stationary?
no - move with respiration
retroperitoneal organs related to kidneys?
suprarenal glands
pancreas
duodenum
intraperitoneal organs related to kidneys?
spleen
stomach
liver
jejunum
name 6 parts of the renal medulla?
renal pyramid minor calyx major calyx ureter renal pelvis hilum
which v drains into the left renal v?
left gonadal vein
which v does the right gonadal vein drain into?
inferior vena cava
functional unit of the kidney?
nephron
male v.s. female urethra?
male is longer than female
5 functional features of the urinary system?
removes metabolic waste from blood via filtration & excretion
regulates plasma electrolytes and blood pressure
stabilises pH
reabsorption of small molecules @ nephron
produces erthyropoietin
what is erthyropoietin?
stimulant of RBC production by bone marrow
2 borders of kidney?
lateral border
medial border
what gives the kidney a glossy appearance?
renal capsule
6 components of renal medulla? Start from outside in
pyramid papilla minor calyx major calyx pelvis ureter
location of papilla?
at the tip of the pyramid
where do renal veins drain into?
IVC
lymphatic drainage of kidneys?
lateral aortic lymph nodes
nerve supply of kidneys?
renal plexus -
sympathetic: T10-L1
sensory afferent: T11-L2
describe the difference between the base and the 2 lateroposterior borders of the urinary bladder?
base - smooth muscle
lateroposteriors - more like rugae, i.e. not smooth
peritonisation of urinary bladder?
only on superior surfaces
widest part of urethra (male)?
prostatic
longest part of urethra (male)?
penile (spongy)
narrowest part of urethra (male)?
membranous
what does the prostatic urethra receive?
ejaculatory duct -
i.e. vas deferens and seminal vesicle
which nerve constricts detrusor muscle during micturition?
parasympathetic nerve
Which nerve constricts internal urethral sphincter during ejaculation?
sympathetic nerve
2 components of the nephron?
renal corpuscles + renal tubules
2 components of the renal corpuscles?
glomerulus + bowmen’s capsule
2 components of the uriniferous tubule?
nephron + collecting duct
HISTOLOGY -
how to differentiate the renal cortex and medulla?
glomerulus in cortex
5 common conditions associated with urinary system?
UTI glomerulonephritis renal calculi kidney failure and dialysis urinary incontinence
important markers for kidney disease?
high albumin level in urine
increased GFR
name 2 embryological conditions?
horseshoe kidney
duplicated ureter
