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Renal > 1 - pre-practical anatomy > Flashcards

1 - pre-practical anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

level of transpyloric plane?

A

L1

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2
Q

surface anatomy - how do you locate transpyloric plane?

A

midpoint between jugular notch and pubic symphysis

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3
Q

purpose of fascial coverings?

A

afford the kidneys protection

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4
Q

peritonisation of kidney?

A

retroperitoneal

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5
Q

3 posterior relations of kidneys? superior to inferior

A

diaphragm
psoas major
quadrates lumborum

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6
Q

position of vessels in hilum?

A

Vein
Artery
Ureter

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7
Q

origin of renal vein?

A

IVC

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8
Q

origin of renal artery?

A

abdo aorta

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9
Q

3 parts making up renal cortex?

A

renal corpuscle
proximal convoluted tubule
distal convoluted tubule

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10
Q

3 parts making up renal medulla?

A

loop of Henle
collecting tubule
collecting duct

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11
Q

what type of epithelium is always present around capillaries?

A

simple squamous

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12
Q

which 3 sites can uritic calculi (kidney stones) lodge?

A

origin of ureter
pelvic brim of ureter
vesico ureteric junction

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13
Q

2 cavities the ureter passes through?

A

abdominal

pelvic

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14
Q

name 4 components of urinary system?

A

kidneys
ureter
urinary bladder
urethra

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15
Q

function of kidneys?

A

maintains homeostasis by blood filtration

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16
Q

function of ureter?

A

carries urine from kidney to urinary bladder

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17
Q

function of urinary bladder?

A

stores urine, allows control of urination

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18
Q

function of urethra?

A

carries urine from urinary bladder to outside of body

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19
Q

position of kidneys?

A

in paravertebral gutters on posterior abdo wall at T12-L3

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20
Q

level of hilum of kidney?

A

L1

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21
Q

which kidney is lower down and why?

A

RHS and due to presence of liver

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22
Q

4 layers enclosing the kidney? internal to external

A

fibrous renal capsule

fatty renal capsule

renal fascia

pararenal fatty tissue

23
Q

are kidneys stationary?

A

no - move with respiration

24
Q

retroperitoneal organs related to kidneys?

A

suprarenal glands
pancreas
duodenum

25
Q

intraperitoneal organs related to kidneys?

A

spleen
stomach
liver
jejunum

26
Q

name 6 parts of the renal medulla?

A 
renal pyramid 
minor calyx 
major calyx 
ureter 
renal pelvis 
hilum
27
Q

which v drains into the left renal v?

A

left gonadal vein

28
Q

which v does the right gonadal vein drain into?

A

inferior vena cava

29
Q

functional unit of the kidney?

A

nephron

30
Q

male v.s. female urethra?

A

male is longer than female

31
Q

5 functional features of the urinary system?

A

removes metabolic waste from blood via filtration & excretion

regulates plasma electrolytes and blood pressure

stabilises pH

reabsorption of small molecules @ nephron

produces erthyropoietin

32
Q

what is erthyropoietin?

A

stimulant of RBC production by bone marrow

33
Q

2 borders of kidney?

A

lateral border

medial border

34
Q

what gives the kidney a glossy appearance?

A

renal capsule

35
Q

6 components of renal medulla? Start from outside in

A 
pyramid
papilla
minor calyx 
major calyx 
pelvis
ureter
36
Q

location of papilla?

A

at the tip of the pyramid

37
Q

where do renal veins drain into?

A

IVC

38
Q

lymphatic drainage of kidneys?

A

lateral aortic lymph nodes

39
Q

nerve supply of kidneys?

A

renal plexus -
sympathetic: T10-L1
sensory afferent: T11-L2

40
Q

describe the difference between the base and the 2 lateroposterior borders of the urinary bladder?

A

base - smooth muscle

lateroposteriors - more like rugae, i.e. not smooth

41
Q

peritonisation of urinary bladder?

A

only on superior surfaces

42
Q

widest part of urethra (male)?

A

prostatic

43
Q

longest part of urethra (male)?

A

penile (spongy)

44
Q

narrowest part of urethra (male)?

A

membranous

45
Q

what does the prostatic urethra receive?

A

ejaculatory duct -

i.e. vas deferens and seminal vesicle

46
Q

which nerve constricts detrusor muscle during micturition?

A

parasympathetic nerve

47
Q

Which nerve constricts internal urethral sphincter during ejaculation?

A

sympathetic nerve

48
Q

2 components of the nephron?

A

renal corpuscles + renal tubules

49
Q

2 components of the renal corpuscles?

A

glomerulus + bowmen’s capsule

50
Q

2 components of the uriniferous tubule?

A

nephron + collecting duct

51
Q

HISTOLOGY -

how to differentiate the renal cortex and medulla?

A

glomerulus in cortex

52
Q

5 common conditions associated with urinary system?

A 
UTI 
glomerulonephritis 
renal calculi 
kidney failure and dialysis 
urinary incontinence
53
Q

important markers for kidney disease?

A

high albumin level in urine

increased GFR

54
Q

name 2 embryological conditions?

A

horseshoe kidney

duplicated ureter

Renal (6 decks)

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