3. Regulations. Flashcards
- Blueprints and black-and-white prints are sometimes called negative and positive prints, respectively. Explain.
A blueprints contains white lines on a dark background, similar to a photographic negative, and is sometimes called a negative print. A black-and-white print has black lines on a white background, similar to the original drawing, and is called a positive print. A black-and-white print is preferred by many mechanics because any necessary notes, corrections or sketches made on the print are more easily read.
- How are the prints for a set of building plans made?
Prints are reproduced by a special process from the original drawings made by the architect, engineer or draftsman. The drawings may be made in ink on tracing cloth or in pencil on special forms of tracing paper.The latter method is most commonly used at the present time. fDrawings may be reproduced in several forms with blueprints and black-and white prints being most frequently supplied for use on the job.
- How are the sizes of the mains and risers for the cold water system and the domestic hot water system designated?
These pipe sizes are usually shown on one of the drawings if a layout of these systems is given , and supplementary information may be included in the specifications.
- How are the minimum sizes for branch water supply connections for fixtures designated?
This information is usually given in the specifications.
- What main information is given in a framing plan drawing?
This type of drawing is mainly a plan view of the floor joists for a certain floor in the building. Architects sometimes require double framing under bathroom areas. The direction and location of joists in the bathroom area can be an important item in the layout of the plumbing system.
- What are the most common basic surface shapes or figures encountered in reading plans?
Several basic figures such as the square, rectangle, circle, triangle, hexagon and octagon, or combinations of these figures are found in drawings of buildings. In order to read and work with plans properly, the mechanic should be familiar with these basic figures and the relationship between their various parts.
- How are the roughing-in dimensions for plumbing fixtures obtained?
Some rough-ing dimensions for special fixtures or equipment may be shown in detail drawings on the plans. These dimensions are usually furnished, however, in the form of rough-ing drawings which are supplied by the fixture manufacturers for the specific fixtures to be installed on the job.
- What scales are most commonly used in building plans?
The most commonly used scale is 1/8”=1’-0”. although for small building or residences 1/4”=1’-0” is frequently used.
Detail drawings using scales of 1/2’=1’-0” or larger may be made.
- You desire to know what wall and floor materials are to be used in a second floor small toilet room in a school job on which you are working. Where would this information be found on the plans?
The sheet containing the second floor plan would ordinary show a table called “FinishSchedule for Second Floor Rooms”.This schedule would list the rooms by number and give floor, base, wall and ceiling finishes, and other similar information. The wall material might also be determined by the symbol used to show the partition on the plan.
- Why are symbols so important in architectural drawings?
Because building plans are drawn to such a small scale, parts of the building cannot be shown in detail as they would actually look, so they must be represented by symbols.
- With what drawing symbols must the plumber be familiar?
The plumber must, of course, be familiar with fixture, pipe, fitting, appliance and equipment symbols pertaining to the plumbing installation. Because the plumbing system must fit in properly with the rest of the structure, he should also be familiar with all commonly used symbols for parts of the building and the other systems to be installed in it.
- A section is assumed to be obtained from a vertical plane cutting through the building. How is the location of this cutting plane shown on a plan view?
The location of the cutting plane from which the sectional view is obtained is usually shown on a plan view with a heavy line consisting of one long and two short dashes alternating. Arrows at the ends of the section lines indicate the viewing direction for visualizing the sectional view. Letters at the ends of the section lines such as A-A, B-B, etc., identify the section drawings.
- Are complete layouts for the plumbing system included with each set of building plans?
Complete plumbing layouts are not always included. When provided, such layouts may include utility locations; sanitary and storm drains; stacks, rain leader and riser locations; diagrammatic or isometric layouts of stacks and rain leaders; gas and water supply mains; riser diagrams; equipment locations; and details of special fixture or equipment locations; and details of special fixture or equipment installations.
