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x Pathoma > 3. Principles of Neoplasia > Flashcards

3. Principles of Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

Define Benign tumor

A

Remains local: does not have potential to metastasize

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2
Q

Define malignant tumor

A

(ie cancer)

invades locally, has potential to metastasize

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3
Q

Benign tumor from Epithelial cells is called….

A

Adenoma or Papilloma

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4
Q

Malignant tumor from Epithelial cells is called….

A

Adenocarcinoma or Papillary Carcinoma

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5
Q

Benign tumor from Mesenchyme cells is called….

A

From Fat: Lipoma

from bone: osteoma

from cartilage: chondroma

from blood vessels: angioma

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6
Q

Malignant tumor from Mesenchymal cells is called….

A

from fat: liposarcoma

from bone: osteosarcoma

from cartilage: chondrosarcoma

from blood vessels: angiosarcoma

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7
Q

Benign tumor from Lymphocyte cells is called….

A

does not exist!

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8
Q

Malignant tumor from Lymphocyte cells is called….

A

Lymphoma/leukemia

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9
Q

Benign tumor from Melanocyte cells is called….

A

nevus (mole)

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10
Q

Malignant tumor from Melanocyte cells is called….

A

Melanoma

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11
Q

Aflatoxin is a carcinogen. What cancer is it associated with?

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma (most common cancer in some African countries)

Derived from Aspergillus, which can contaminate stored rice and grains

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12
Q

Alkylating Agents: associated with what cancer?

A

Leukemia/lymphoma

Long term side effect of chemo with alkylating agents.

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13
Q

Alcohol: associated with what cancer?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of oropharynx and upper esop.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (along with Aflatoxins)

Chronic pancreatitis –> pancreatic carcinoma

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14
Q

Arsenic: associated with what cancer?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of skin (v Alcohol - SCC of oropharynx)

Lung cancer

Angiosarcoma of liver

(present in cig smoke).

Test arsenic levels via hair and nails

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15
Q

Asbestos: associated with what cancer?

A

Lung carcinoma

Mesothelioma (mesothelial cells of pleura). Less likely than lung cancer

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16
Q

Cig smoke: associated with what cancer?

A

Carcinoma of oropharynx, esophagus, lung, kidney, bladder, pancreas

(urothelium because carcinogens tend to concentrate there)

Most common carcinogen worldwide; polycyclic hydrocarbons are particularly carcinogenic

17
Q

Nitrosamines: associated with what cancer?

A

Stomach carcinoma

Found in smoked foods; responsible for high rate of stomach carcinoma in Japan!

18
Q

Naphthylamine: associated with what cancer?

A

Urothelial carcinoma of bladder

from cig smoke

19
Q

Vinyl chloride: associated with what cancer?

A

Angiosarcoma of liver

Occupational exposure: used to make PVC for use in pipes

20
Q

Nickel, chromium, beryllium, silica: associated with what cancer?

A

Lung carcinoma

Occupational exposure

21
Q

What are 2 carcinogens found in cig smoke?

A

Arsenic, Naphthylamine

22
Q

EBV: associated with what cancer?

A

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Burkett lymphoma

CNS lymphoma (AIDS)

23
Q

What is the classic presentation of someone with cancer due to EBV?

A

on boards it is usually a chinese male or a person from africa

Presents as a neck mass (enlarged LNs)

24
Q

HHV-8: associated with what cancer?

A

Kaposi sarcoma

25
Q

Kaposi sarcoma: what are the three classic presentations, and what are treatments for each?

A
  1. Eastern European male -> excision
  2. AIDS pt -> antiretrovirals
  3. Transplant patient -> decrese immunosuppression
26
Q

HBV and HCV: associated with what cancer?

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

(Aflatoxins also cause this)

27
Q

HTLV-1: associated with what cancer?

A

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma

28
Q

High-risk HPV: what subtypes are high-risk?

associated with what cancer?

A

High risk = 16, 18, 31, 33

Squamous cell carcinoma of vulva, vagina, anus, cervix

Adenocarcinoma of cervix

29
Q

Ionizing radiation: source? associated with what cancer?

A

Source = nuclear accidents, radiotherapy

AML, CML, papillary carcinoma of thyroid

Generates hydroxyl free radicals -> DNA damage

30
Q

Non- Ionizing radiation: source? associated with what cancer?

A

UVB sunlight

Basal cell carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma

Melanoma of skin

Results in formation of pyrimadine dimers in DNA, which are normally excised by restriction endonuclease (UVB light prevents these excisions)

x Pathoma (19 decks)

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