3. Principles of Neoplasia Flashcards
Define Benign tumor
Remains local: does not have potential to metastasize
Define malignant tumor
(ie cancer)
invades locally, has potential to metastasize
Benign tumor from Epithelial cells is called….
Adenoma or Papilloma
Malignant tumor from Epithelial cells is called….
Adenocarcinoma or Papillary Carcinoma
Benign tumor from Mesenchyme cells is called….
From Fat: Lipoma
from bone: osteoma
from cartilage: chondroma
from blood vessels: angioma
Malignant tumor from Mesenchymal cells is called….
from fat: liposarcoma
from bone: osteosarcoma
from cartilage: chondrosarcoma
from blood vessels: angiosarcoma
Benign tumor from Lymphocyte cells is called….
does not exist!
Malignant tumor from Lymphocyte cells is called….
Lymphoma/leukemia
Benign tumor from Melanocyte cells is called….
nevus (mole)
Malignant tumor from Melanocyte cells is called….
Melanoma
Aflatoxin is a carcinogen. What cancer is it associated with?
Hepatocellular carcinoma (most common cancer in some African countries)
Derived from Aspergillus, which can contaminate stored rice and grains
Alkylating Agents: associated with what cancer?
Leukemia/lymphoma
Long term side effect of chemo with alkylating agents.
Alcohol: associated with what cancer?
Squamous cell carcinoma of oropharynx and upper esop.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (along with Aflatoxins)
Chronic pancreatitis –> pancreatic carcinoma
Arsenic: associated with what cancer?
Squamous cell carcinoma of skin (v Alcohol - SCC of oropharynx)
Lung cancer
Angiosarcoma of liver
(present in cig smoke).
Test arsenic levels via hair and nails
Asbestos: associated with what cancer?
Lung carcinoma
Mesothelioma (mesothelial cells of pleura). Less likely than lung cancer
Cig smoke: associated with what cancer?
Carcinoma of oropharynx, esophagus, lung, kidney, bladder, pancreas
(urothelium because carcinogens tend to concentrate there)
Most common carcinogen worldwide; polycyclic hydrocarbons are particularly carcinogenic
Nitrosamines: associated with what cancer?
Stomach carcinoma
Found in smoked foods; responsible for high rate of stomach carcinoma in Japan!
Naphthylamine: associated with what cancer?
Urothelial carcinoma of bladder
from cig smoke
Vinyl chloride: associated with what cancer?
Angiosarcoma of liver
Occupational exposure: used to make PVC for use in pipes
Nickel, chromium, beryllium, silica: associated with what cancer?
Lung carcinoma
Occupational exposure
What are 2 carcinogens found in cig smoke?
Arsenic, Naphthylamine
EBV: associated with what cancer?
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Burkett lymphoma
CNS lymphoma (AIDS)
What is the classic presentation of someone with cancer due to EBV?
on boards it is usually a chinese male or a person from africa
Presents as a neck mass (enlarged LNs)
HHV-8: associated with what cancer?
Kaposi sarcoma
Kaposi sarcoma: what are the three classic presentations, and what are treatments for each?
- Eastern European male -> excision
- AIDS pt -> antiretrovirals
- Transplant patient -> decrese immunosuppression
HBV and HCV: associated with what cancer?
Hepatocellular carcinoma
(Aflatoxins also cause this)
HTLV-1: associated with what cancer?
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
High-risk HPV: what subtypes are high-risk?
associated with what cancer?
High risk = 16, 18, 31, 33
Squamous cell carcinoma of vulva, vagina, anus, cervix
Adenocarcinoma of cervix
Ionizing radiation: source? associated with what cancer?
Source = nuclear accidents, radiotherapy
AML, CML, papillary carcinoma of thyroid
Generates hydroxyl free radicals -> DNA damage
Non- Ionizing radiation: source? associated with what cancer?
UVB sunlight
Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Melanoma of skin
Results in formation of pyrimadine dimers in DNA, which are normally excised by restriction endonuclease (UVB light prevents these excisions)
