3. Population change-migration

Question 1

Migration is the

Answer 1

movement from one place to another usually across a political boundary.

it may be permanent or semi permanent and such movements have been taking place throughout human history

Question 2

The United Nations defines permanent as

Answer 2

a change of residence lasting more than 1 year

Question 3

movements can have significant consequences for

Answer 3

population change of towns., cities and nations.

Question 4

Large migrant streams can alter

Answer 4

population composition as in the case of past African migrants to the New World, as well as structures

Question 5

The terms immigration and emigration are used with reference to

Answer 5

international migration

Question 6

The corresponding terms for internal movements are

Answer 6

in-migration and out-migration

Question 7

Net migration is

Answer 7

the number of migrants entering a region or country minus the number of migrants who leave the same region or country.

Question 8

Migrations are embarked upon from

Answer 8

an area of origin and are completed at an area of destination.

there are intervening obstacles and opportunities between points of origin and destination

Question 9

Migrants sharing a common origin and destination form a

Answer 9

a migration stream

For every migration stream a counter stream or reverse flow usually occurs

Question 10

what factors encourage people to migrate

Answer 10

push and pull factors

Question 11

Push factors are

Answer 11

Push factors are those that cause people to leave because of pressures which make them dissatisfied with their present home

Question 12

pull factors are

Answer 12

are those perceived qualities that attract people to a hew settlement.

the positive factors at the destination

Question 13

migration includes movements where?

Answer 13

both between countries and within a country

Question 14

Migration affects

Answer 14

the distribution of people over a given area as well as the total population of a region and the population structure of a country or city

Question 15

Push factors of migration (7)

Answer 15

Intolerance 
Poor employment 
Low income 
Housing shortages
Adverse climatic conditions
Natural disasters
Social upheaval

Question 16

pull factors of migration (7)

Answer 16

Job prospects 
High wages 
Improved housing
Amenities
Attractive environment
High standard of living
Tolerance

Question 17

reasons why people migrate (4)

Answer 17

People migrate for a variety of reasons.

1) may leave countries which do not offer employment opportunities; in which the quality of life is low
2) because they fear for the security of themselves or their families;
3) to escape the ravages of war and intolerance.
4) Some are also forcibly moved from their homes.

Question 18

Internal migration refers to

Answer 18

population movement within a country

Question 19

external migration involves

Answer 19

a movement across national boundaries and between countries

Question 20

External migration, unlike internal movement, affects

Answer 20

the total population of a country

Question 21

The migration balance is

Answer 21

the difference between the number of emigrants (people who leave the· country) and immigrants (newcomers arriving in the country)

Question 22

Countries with a net migration loss lose what?

Answer 22

lose more through emigration than they gain by immigration and, depending upon the balance between birth and death rates, may have a declining population

Question 23

Countries with a net migration gain receive what?

Answer 23

receive more by immigration than they lose through emigration and so are likely to have an overall population increase (assuming birth and death rates are evenly balanced)

Question 24

Migrations can either be

Answer 24

voluntary or forced.

Question 25

Voluntary and forced migration can be subdivided into

Answer 25

internal
external (international)
temporary
permanent

Question 26

Forced migration is

Answer 26

unintended movement where the individual or household has little or no choice but to move from an area due to natural disasters or because of economic, religious, social impositions, conflict, development policies, projects and disasters (environmental or human factors)

Question 27

in forced migration, People may be forcibly removed from their homes and relocated to make room for

Answer 27

economic developments.

Question 28

forced internal movement is where

Answer 28

People are forced to leave their homes but still reside within the borders of their own country.

Question 29

A good example of forced internal movement in China

Answer 29

the building of the Three Gorges Dam in China.

The dam was built across the Yangtze River to control flooding and provide hydroelectric power to keep pace with China’s economic development.

Hundreds of villages and towns ,were inundated and over 1 million people forced to leave the Chongqing Municipality for infertile mountainous land along the river.

Question 30

Worldwide, internally displaced persons (IDP) in 2003 were thought to number about

Answer 30

25 million

Question 31

example of external forced displaced persons (8)

Answer 31

1) The slave trade between Africa and the New World was an example of forced external migration.
2) The partition of India and Pakistan forced

large scale movement across the new international borders.

5) Today large numbers of forced migrants have to flee war, violence and chaos in their homelands - the mass movement from Rwanda in the 1990s to escape genocide; the migration caused by conflicts in Iraq, Georgia, America and Yugoslavia.
6) Human trafficking
7) volcanic eruptions in Montserrat forced many to leave their homes for foreign countries.
8) c1imate change is expected to produce new waves of forced migration it is estimated that by the year 2050, about 200 m1ll1on persons may be displaced by climate change.

Question 32

example of forced internally displaced persons in the west

Answer 32

2.8mill IDPs in Sri Lanka and Colombia.

and in Iraq in 2008, where they fled from Bagdad to safer zones in the far north, south and west of the country

Question 33

places where the most worldwide internally displaced persons took place (4)

Answer 33

Africa -Sudan,
The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC),
Uganda and
Angola

Question 34

human trafficking is regarded as

Answer 34

contemporary slavery and forced labor involving domestic servitude, child solider, algaculture and the commercial sex trade

Question 35

Refugees are

Answer 35

people who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster

Question 36

how Some of the forced migrants settle (2)

Answer 36

1) permanently in their new homes.

2) Others return home when the threats have passed.

Question 37

Voluntary migration is

Answer 37

the free movement of individuals or groups from their homes where they have a free choice about whether to move or not

e.g. because they are looking for an improved quality of life or personal freedom.

Such movements are usually influenced by ‘push and pull’ factors

Question 38

Voluntary migration is usually influenced by what?

Answer 38

‘push and pull’ factors

Question 39

Voluntary migration may be internal and such movements may be

Answer 39

temporary (daily commuters) or permanent relocation

Question 40

Commuters between home and work are

Answer 40

temporary internal migrants (a movement sometimes referred to as ‘circulation’)