3. Population change-migration Flashcards
Migration is the
movement from one place to another usually across a political boundary.
it may be permanent or semi permanent and such movements have been taking place throughout human history
The United Nations defines permanent as
a change of residence lasting more than 1 year
movements can have significant consequences for
population change of towns., cities and nations.
Large migrant streams can alter
population composition as in the case of past African migrants to the New World, as well as structures
The terms immigration and emigration are used with reference to
international migration
The corresponding terms for internal movements are
in-migration and out-migration
Net migration is
the number of migrants entering a region or country minus the number of migrants who leave the same region or country.
Migrations are embarked upon from
an area of origin and are completed at an area of destination.
there are intervening obstacles and opportunities between points of origin and destination
Migrants sharing a common origin and destination form a
a migration stream
For every migration stream a counter stream or reverse flow usually occurs
what factors encourage people to migrate
push and pull factors
Push factors are
Push factors are those that cause people to leave because of pressures which make them dissatisfied with their present home
pull factors are
are those perceived qualities that attract people to a hew settlement.
the positive factors at the destination
migration includes movements where?
both between countries and within a country
Migration affects
the distribution of people over a given area as well as the total population of a region and the population structure of a country or city
Push factors of migration (7)
Intolerance Poor employment Low income Housing shortages Adverse climatic conditions Natural disasters Social upheaval
pull factors of migration (7)
Job prospects High wages Improved housing Amenities Attractive environment High standard of living Tolerance
reasons why people migrate (4)
People migrate for a variety of reasons.
1) may leave countries which do not offer employment opportunities; in which the quality of life is low
2) because they fear for the security of themselves or their families;
3) to escape the ravages of war and intolerance.
4) Some are also forcibly moved from their homes.
Internal migration refers to
population movement within a country
external migration involves
a movement across national boundaries and between countries
External migration, unlike internal movement, affects
the total population of a country
The migration balance is
the difference between the number of emigrants (people who leave the· country) and immigrants (newcomers arriving in the country)
Countries with a net migration loss lose what?
lose more through emigration than they gain by immigration and, depending upon the balance between birth and death rates, may have a declining population
Countries with a net migration gain receive what?
receive more by immigration than they lose through emigration and so are likely to have an overall population increase (assuming birth and death rates are evenly balanced)
Migrations can either be
voluntary or forced.
