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🩸Hema🎀 > 3: Platelet production, structure, and function > Flashcards

3: Platelet production, structure, and function Flashcards

1
Q

Maturation sequence of megakaryoblast takes about

A

5 days

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2
Q

is the process in which
chromosomal material (DNA) and the other events of mitosis occur without subsequent division of the cytoplasmic membrane into identical daughter cells.

A

Endoreduplication

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3
Q

Is a 70,000 dalton molecule that circulates as a hormone in plasma and is the ligand that binds the megakaryocyte and platelet membrane receptor protein, MPL

A

Thrombopoietin (TPO)

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4
Q

Induces the proliferation and maturation of megakaryocytes and induces thrombocytopoiesis

A

Thrombopoietin (TPO)

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5
Q

Primary source of Thrombopoietin

A

Liver

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6
Q

Act in synergy with TPO to
induce the early differentiation of stem cells

A

Interleukin-3

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7
Q

Acts in the presence of TPO to enhance endometriosis, megakaryocyte, maturation, and thrombocytopoiesis.

A

Interleukin-6 & Interleukin-11

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8
Q

Three megakaryocyte lineage-committed progenitor stages arising from common myeloid progenitor:

Most primitive progenitor cell committed to megakaryocyte lineage

A

BFU-Meg

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9
Q

Three megakaryocyte lineage-committed progenitor stages arising from common myeloid progenitor:

Hundreds of colonies

A

BFU-Meg

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10
Q

Three megakaryocyte lineage-committed progenitor stages arising from common myeloid progenitor:

least mature

A

BFU-Meg

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11
Q

Three megakaryocyte lineage-committed progenitor stages arising from common myeloid progenitor:

Dozens of colonies

A

CFU-Meg

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12
Q

Three megakaryocyte lineage-committed progenitor stages arising from common myeloid progenitor:

Cannot divide but it retains DNA replication and cytoplasmic maturation for endomitosis

A

LD-CFU-Meg

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13
Q

Three megakaryocyte lineage-committed progenitor stages arising from common myeloid progenitor:

more mature progenitor

A

LD-CFU-Meg

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14
Q

Sequence of development from megakaryocyte to platelets:

A

Proliferation of progenitors to polypoidization
Nuclear endoreduplication
Cytoplasmic maturation
Formation of platelets

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15
Q

Is a form of mitosis that lacks telophase and cytokines (separation into daughter cells)

A

Endomitosis

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16
Q

Partially characterized form of mitosis unique to megakaryocytes in which DNA replication and cytoplasmic maturation are normal but cells lose their capacity to divide.

A

Endomitosis

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17
Q

MK-I stage or Megakaryoblast Cannot be reliably distinguished from bone marrow

A

myeloblasts or pronormoblasts

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18
Q

Terminal megakaryocyte differentiation:

Vague clue: plasma membrane blebs

A

MK-I stage or Megakaryoblast

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19
Q

Terminal megakaryocyte differentiation:

Least differentiated precursor

A

MK-I stage or Megakaryoblast

20
Q

Begins to develop most of its cytoplasmic ultrastructure, including procoagulant-laden a-granules, dense granules, and demarcation system

A

MK-I stage or Megakaryoblast

21
Q

Is a series of membrane-lined channels that invade from the plasma membrane and ultimately delineates the individual platelets during thrombocytopoiesis

A

DEMARCATION SYSTEM

22
Q

Is biologically identical to the megakaryocyte plasma membrane

A

DEMARCATION SYSTEM

23
Q

Nuclear lobularity first becomes apparent as an indentation at the 4N replication stage

A

MK-II stage or Promegakaryocyte

24
Q

Vague clue: Indentation in the nucleus

A

MK-II stage or Promegakaryocyte

25
Q

The most abundant

A

MK-III stage or Megakaryocyte

26
Q

Are the largest cells in the bone marrow and possess multiple chromosome copies

A

MK-III stage or Megakaryocyte

27
Q

MK-III stage or Megakaryocyte size in diameter

A

30-50 um

28
Q

Nucleus is intensely indented or
lobulated

A

MK-III stage or Megakaryocyte

29
Q

Distinctive feature: it is not multinucleated

A

MK-III stage or Megakaryocyte

30
Q

A single megakaryocyte may shed to

A

2000 to 4000 platelets

31
Q

platelet lifespan

A

8 to 9 days

32
Q

concentration of platelets

A

150-400 x 10^9/L

33
Q

Average diameter of platelet

A

2.5 um

34
Q

MPV of platelet:

A

8-10 fL

35
Q

Resting platelets are

A

biconvex

36
Q

Platelets are produced directly from the

A

megakaryocyte cytoplasm

37
Q

platelets on the circulation

A

⅔

38
Q

platelets found on the spleen

A

⅓

39
Q

The platelet is composed of about

A

60% protein,
30% lipid,
8% carbohydrate,
various mineral,
water, and
nucleotide

40
Q

Sometimes known as stress platelets, appear in compensation for thrombocytopenia

A

Reticulated Platelets

41
Q

Are markedly larger than ordinary mature circulating platelets

A

Reticulated Platelets

42
Q

Size of Reticulated Platelets in diameter

A

6 um

43
Q

MPV of Reticulated Platelets

A

12-14 fL

44
Q

Carry free ribosomes and fragments of rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Reticulated Platelets

45
Q

Stain for Reticulated Platelets

A

Nucleic acid dye (Thiazole Orange)

46
Q

Stain for Reticulocytes

A

Supravital stain (New Methylene Blue)

47
Q
A

🩸Hema🎀 (6 decks)

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