#3 Plant Cells & Hormones Flashcards
1665
Robert Hook uses light microscope and discovers tree bark is made up of tiny parts he calls “cells”
Cell Membrane
Both plants and animal cells have [blank]. Allows what is in and out of cell
Ribosomes
Granules in cells. Protein. Lots of responsibilities. Ex: Immunity from disease, transporting nutrients
Eukaryotic
Plants and animals are [blank]. Cells have organelles, small little organs
Prokaryotic
Bacteria, lack organelles, inside like a junk drawer.
Nucleus
DNA storage, tells cell what to do
Mitochondria
Kidney bean shape. Does cellular respiration, the processing of chemical energy (from sunlight) to energy molecules to function
Chloroplast
Organelle that converts CO2 into sugars from sun energy
Vacuole
Fluid filled, maintain pressure to stop wilting.
>Sometimes takes up to 90% of cell.
>Helps cell grow.
>Stores proteins and sugars.
>Contain color pigments
Cell Wall
> Made of cellulose.
Carbon molecule.
Influences how plants grow
Usually stays close to parent cell
Plasmodesmata
The tiny channels that allow cells to communicate.
Hormones
> Chemical signals that regulate growth and metabolism.
Talk to each other to regulate growth
Ethylene
Only plant hormone that’s a gas. Ppl have been using it a long time.
Ex: Fig harvesters cut under ripe figs in Ancient Egypt
1890
Dimitry Neljubov, Russian plant physiologist. Found out ethylne is a ripening agent.
>Put pea seedlings by gas lamps, ethylne kept plants cells from expanding.
>Took scientists decades to discover it’s a hormone in plants
Abscisic Acid
Helps seeds stay dormant until they land in a good spot to start growing.
Gibberellins
Seeds alarm clock, tells it to start growing
Cytokinins
Stimulate cell division
Auxin
> Plant hormone that regulates plant growth throughout life.
Tells plant which part will be what.
Helps form vascular tissue
Helps plant know how to react to light, gravity, and touch
Cell Theory
Cells are building blocks of life. Organisms are made up of millions of individual special cells that work together to coordinate activities within the organism
Organismal Theory
Believes whole organism is what matters most. Merely subdivided into cells.
>”It is the plant that forms cells, not the cell that forms plants.” Anton de Bary (German Botanist)
