3: Personality Disorders Flashcards
Define personality
Collection characteristics and traits that make us individual. Includes way we think, feel and behave. These characteristics are enduring and pervasive over time.
What is personality disorder
Individual characteristic or enduring patterns of inner experience and behaviour that deviated markedly from social norm and manifest as:
- Cognition
- Affectivity
- Impulses
- Interpersonal relationships
How can cognition be affected
Way individual interprets a situation - which forms attitudes, image or self of others
How can affect be impacted in personality disorder
- Range
- Arousal and response
How can impulses be affected
- Control over impulses
How can interpersonal needs be affected
- Manner in relating to others
What is the problem with personality disorder
Often causes significant distress to the individual or those around them
In males, what two personality disorders are most common
- Anti-social
- Narcissistic
In females, what two personality disorders are more common
- Histrionic
- Borderline
What are two factors thought to cause personality disorders
Genetic: genetic concordance between twins
Developmental: abuse or neglect
What are two risk factors for personality disorder
- FH
- Abuse or Neglect
How are personality disorders classified
Cluster A
Cluster B
Cluster C
How would you describe cluster A personality disorders
Odd and eccentric
What are the 3 cluster A personality disorders
Schizoid
Schizotypal
Paranoid
What in the family history increases risk of cluster A personality disorders
Psychosis
What are the predominant features of cluster B personality disorders
Dramatic
Emotional
Erratic
What are 4 personality disorders in cluster B
- Histrionic
- Borderline
- Narcissistic
- Anti-social
What is a risk factor in the family for cluster B
Mood Disorders
What are features of cluster C personality disorders
Anxious
Fearful
Avoidant
What are the three cluster C personality disorders
- Avoidant
- Dependant
- Anakastic (Obsessive-Compulsive)
What are 3 cluster A personality disorders
Paranoid
Schizoid
Schizotypal
Describe features of paranoid personality disorder
Suspicious: questions loyalty of friends, misinterprets
actions as hostile
Hypersensitive: takes criticism as personal attack on character
Jealous
Pre-occupation with beliefs with hidden meanings
High sense of self-importance
Describe schizoid personality disorder
Spends lots of solitary time
Lack of interests
Indifferent to criticism
Lack of physical intimacy
Emotionally cold
Define schizotypal personality disorder
- Ideas of reference (some insight compared to
schizophrenia) - Magical thinking
- Paranoid Idea
- Odd speech
What is magical thinking
Individual believes their behaviour caused an external event
What are the 4 cluster B personality disorders
- Antisocial
- Borderline
- Histrionic
- Narcissistic
What is antisocial personality disorder
- Does not conform to social norms with regards to the law
- Purposefully lies for pleasure or profit
- Is not concerned about safety of others
- Aggressive
- Impulsive
What is borderline personality disorder
- Extreme efforts to avoid actual or perceived abandonment
- Recurrent suicidal behaviour
- Unstable relationships: alternates between idealisation and devaluation
- Unstable self-image
- Chronic feelings of emptiness
- Inability to control anger
What is histrionic personality disorder
- Inappropriate sexual seductiveness
- Uses physical appearance to seduce others
- Needs to the the centre of attention
- Shallow expression of emotion
What is narcissistic personality disorder
- Increases sense of self-importance
- Lack of empathy
- Uses others to achieve higher status
- Excessive need admiration
- Chronic envy
What are the 3 cluster C personality disorders
- Akanthastic (Obsessive - Compulsive)
- Avoidant
- Dependent
Explain anakastic (Obsessive-Compulsive) personality disorder
- Excessively concerned productivity
- Timetables and schedules
- Pedantic
- Stubborn
- Inhibited by perfectionism
- Incapable of depositing of worn-out things
Explain avoidant
- Avoids interpersonal occupation activities due to fear of rejection
- Unwilling to be involved unless can guarantee being liked
- Views self as inferior to others
- Complex: social isolation - but craves social contact
Explain dependent
- Difficultly making everyday decisions
- Needs others to assume responsibility
- Difficultly expressing disagreement
- Searches for new relationship when one ends
- Unrealistic fear can’t cope for themselves
What is used to assess for personality disorder
SCID-11 (structured clinical interview for DSM-V)
Name 4 personality questionnaires
- Eyes neck personality Q
- Minnesota personality inventory
- Revised Neo-personality inventory
- Standardised assessment personality scale
What is used in acute phase for PD
Risk assessment - may need inpatient care or CRHT
What was initial problem with personality disorders
Deemed untreatable
What is used to treat personality disorders
Self harm: dialectal behavioural therapy
Mentalisation based therapy
Psychotherapy
CBT
Explain medications for personality disorder
NICE do not support use medications for PD
