3. Perception & Attention Flashcards
Problem with perception
have to extract objects & people which creates lots of possibilities
How to extract objects around us?
- Perception of brightness
- Perception of objects
- Perception of depths
Explain the perception of brightness
Shadow makes surfaces darker, your brain compensates it to make things brighter
6 gestalt psychology for the perception of objects
- Proximity
- Similarity
- Closure
- Continuation
- Movement
- Good Form
Define proximity
Part of the group if objects are closer together
Define similarity
Part of the group if they have the same characteristics (pattern for example)
Define closure
See something that’s not fully filled, but still able to recognize that object
Define continuation
Part of the group if we can connect it into a continuous one.
Define movement
Part of the group if objects move in the same direction.
Define good form
Part of the group if the object form meaningful objects.
Define photoactivation
Light energy that becomes fuel to photochemical reaction
What are rods in the eyes used for?
To help see in dark places (gives sensitivity in dim places)
What are cones in the eyes used for?
To see fine details in bright light and gives us the sensation of color
Define contrast and why it’s important
Difference in light. It’s important because it encodes the differences in light and exaggerates them. So, you will be less likely to miss them.
Define lateral inhibition
The process involves inhibiting the neurons in responding to light to prevent redundancy in receiving the same amount of light.
Define dark adaptation
Abruptly changes in light
e.g., go from dark to suddenly bright, rods bleached for a second but cones all ready to fire. So, it will cause bright light first.
Define contrast gain
Process where the sensitivity of your visual system can be tuned to be most sensitive to the level of contrast that is the most prevalent in that environment
Define Trichromacy theory
The eye had three different types of color-sensitive cells based on the observation that any one color can be reproduced by combining lights from different hue.
Define vestibulo-ocular reflex
Coordination of motion information with visual information that allows you to maintain your gaze on an object while you move.
Define synesthesia.
One sensory signal gives rise to two or more sensations.
E.g., you associate objects with colors
Define subliminal perception
Visual and auditory information presented at a speed and or intensity that is below the conscious threshold of perception through one or more channels and thus not readily apparent to the subject
Define selective attention
some information is attended to while other information is intentionally blocked out.
Define divided attention
determine how well individuals can attend to many sources of information at once.
How do you get to long-term memory?
- Depth of processing: Remember more if you think deeper
- Mnemonics: tricks to make a word bigger (e.g., rhythm, visual imagery), gives more connection
