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3 Nucleotides and nucleic acids Flashcards

1
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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2
Q

What does RNA stand for?

A

ribonucleic acid

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3
Q

What is the role of RNA?

A

transfers genetic information from DNA to ribosomes

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4
Q

What are the monomers of DNA and RNA?

A

nucleotides

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5
Q

What are 3 general components of a nucleotide?

A

pentose sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base

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6
Q

What are the 4 organic bases that occur in DNA?

A

adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine

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7
Q

What are the components of a DNA nucleotide?

A

deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, one of organic bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine

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8
Q

What are the 4 organic bases that occur in RNA?

A

adenine, cytosine, guanine, uracil

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9
Q

What type of bond is formed by the condensation of 2 adjacent nucleotides?

A

phosphodiester bond

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10
Q

What shape is a DNA molecule?

A

double-stranded double helix

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11
Q

Which bonds keep the DNA strands together?

A

hydrogen bonds (between the complimentary base pairs)

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12
Q

What are the components of an RNA nucleotide?

A

ribose sugar, phosphate sugar, one of organic bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine, uracil

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13
Q

Describe the structure of an RNA molecule

A

relatively short polynucleotide chain, single-stranded

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14
Q

Which base is complimentary to adenine in DNA?

A

thymine

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15
Q

Which base is complimentary to cytosine in DNA?

A

guanine

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16
Q

Which base is complimentary to uracil?

17
Q

What is the 1st stage of semi-conservative DNA replication?

A

unwinding the double helix

18
Q

What is the role of DNA helicase in DNA replication?

A

unwind double helix and break hydrogen bonds between complimentary base pairs

19
Q

What happens at the exposed bases on the template strand of DNA?

A

free complimentary DNA nucleotides are attracted

20
Q

What is the role of DNA polymerase?

A

joins adjacent nucleotides by condensation reactions to form new sugar-phosphate backbone

21
Q

Which 2 scientists were credited for the discovery of the DNA model?

A

Watson and Crick

22
Q

Why was there doubt over DNA being genetic information?

A

DNA seemed too simple

23
Q

What are the differences between DNA and RNA?

A
  • DNA is a long, double strand; RNA is shorter, single stranded molecule
  • DNA has thymine base, RNA has uracil
  • DNA has a deoxyribose sugar, RNA has ribose

Biology (11 decks)

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