1 Biological molecules Flashcards
What are the 4 main carbon-based molecules common to all life?
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Which biological molecule often functions as an enzyme?
protein
Which biological molecules form the major parts of plasma membranes?
lipids/ phospholipids
Which biological molecules are involved in making proteins?
nucleic acids
Which 2 biological molecules are the main respiratory substrates?
carbohydrates and lipids
Definition for monomer
small units that make up larger molecules
Definition for polymer
large molecules made up of large number of monomers
What is the name of the reaction that builds polymers?
condensation reaction (elimination of water molecule)
What is the name of the reaction that breaks down polymers?
hydrolysis reaction (using a water molecule)
What do 2 monosaccharide molecules bonded together make?
disaccharide
What are the monomers of the disaccharide maltose?
glucose + glucose
What are the monomers of the disaccharide sucrose?
glucose + fructose
What are some examples of polysaccharides?
glycogen, cellulose, starch
What are the monomers of the disaccharide lactose?
glucose + galactose
What type of bond form between 2 monosaccharides?
glycosidic bond
Which chemical is used in the biochemical test for reducing and non-reducing sugars?
Benedict’s solution
Which chemical is used in the biochemical test for starch?
iodine
Which isomer of glucose makes up glycogen?
α-glucose
What are 2 examples of lipids?
triglycerides and phospholipids
Which molecules are triglycerides made of?
glycerol and 3 fatty acids
Which type of lipid is common in plasma membranes?
phospholipids
Which molecules are phospholipids made of?
2 fatty acids, 1 phosphate group and 1 glycerol
Which bonds form between glycerol and fatty acids?
ester
What is the test for lipids?
emulsion test (milky white emulsion)
