Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

6. Women's Health > 3- Normal Labor, Delivery & Puerperium > Flashcards

3- Normal Labor, Delivery & Puerperium Flashcards

1
Q

Labor is defined as uterine activity that results in what?

A

Progressive dilation and effacement of the cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is defined as thinning of the cervix described as a % of a normal 4-5cm long cervix?

A

Effacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is defined as placement/ degree of descent of the presenting part of the fetus in the maternal pelvis in relation to the ischial spines?

A

Station, scale of -3 to +3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is important when evaluating for rupture of membranes?

A

Sterile speculum exam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What test yields high false positives due to urine, blood, semem, BV, or trichomoniasis, and what is the expected result if ruptured membranes?

A

Nitrazine paper testing

Turns blue in presence of alkaline amniotic fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What test involves visualization of an air dried sample of amniotic fluid, and what is the expected result if ruptured membranes?

A

“Fern test”

Fern pattern → admitted to hospital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What test for ruptured membranes only requires a small sample, is very specific and includes a vaginal swab with (-) or (+) dipstick results?

A

Amniosure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is the “lie” (transverse) described with respect to fetal position?

A

Long axis of fetus vs long axis of mother’s body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What stage of labor is defined as onset of regular uterine contractions through full cervical dilation?

A

1st, latent and active phases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What stage of labor is defined as complete cervical dilation through delivery of infant and differs by race and parity?

A

2nd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What signs are a/w the 2nd stage of labor and aid in the descent/ expulsion of the fetus?

A

Uterine contractions and maternal expulsive efforts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What stage of labor is defined as the interval between delivery of the fetus and detachment/ expulsion of the placenta?

A

3rd, ~ 30 min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are defined as changes in the position of the fetal head in relationship to the fetal body as it nagivates the maternal pelvis?

A

Cardinal movements of labor

(should be thought of as a continuous motion of connected movements)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 6 cardinal movement of labor?

A

Engagement

Flexion

Descent

Internal rotation

Extension

External rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What complications are a/w the 3rd stage of labor?

A

Hemorrhage

Retention of placenta

Uterine inversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What signs indicate separation of the placenta? (4)

A

Uterus rises in abdomen

Globular configuration

Gush of blood

Lengthening of umbilical cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What stage of labor is defined as the interval between delivery of the placenta and the subsequent 2 hours postpartum and what is it a/w?

A

4th

A/w major hemodynamic changes of maternal CV system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How is adequate labor defined?

A

3-5 contractions in 10 min averaged over 30 min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What factors affect maternal expulsive efforts?

A

Maternal strength

Consciousness/ sedation

Pain

Regional anesthesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does an external tocodynamometer measure with respect to uterine contractions?

A

Frequency and duration of contractions

NOT intensity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does an internal tocodynamometer measure with respect to uterine contractions?

A

Frequency, duration, and intensity

(more precise)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is considered a macrosomic infant?

A

> 4500 grams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How is the “passenger” position defined?

A

Relation of fetal presenting part to R or L side of maternal pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the shapes of the posterior and anterior fontanel?

A

Posterior- triangle

Anterior- diamond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the most common presenting fetal position in labor?

A

Left occiput anterior (LOA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the 4 basic female pelvic types?

A

Gynecoid, anthropoid, android, platypelloid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What female pelvic type is most common and best suited for childbirth?

A

Gynecoid

28
Q

What female pelvic type is the most unfavorable for delivery?

A

Android

29
Q

What female pelvic type is the least common?

A

Platypelloid

30
Q

How is labor pattern affected by analgesia in true labor?

A

Not altered

31
Q

What characteristics are concerning for false labor?

A

Contractions = irregular intervals/ duration (Braxton-Hicks)

Contraction intensity varies

Relief from sedation/ hydration

32
Q

In addition to intermittent auscultation, what is used for fetal monitoring?

A

Continuous electronic fetal monitoring (CEFM)

  • External- US
  • Internal- ECG
33
Q

What is considered normal variability for amplitude change of FHR?

(variability = beat to beat changes)

A

6-25 bpm

(<5 = conern for hypoxia)

34
Q

How are periodic changes in FHR defined?

A

Longer than beat to beat changes - accelerations or decelerations

35
Q

What type of periodic deceleration of FHR is physiologic, mirrors shape of contraction, and due to head compression?

A

Early

36
Q

What type of periodic deceleration of FHR has variable timing, shape and severity with relation to the contraction, and is due to cord compression?

A

Variable (v-shape)

37
Q

What type of periodic deceleration is caused by fetal hypoxia, is omnious, and can be the result of placental insufficiency, or maternal hypotension/ hypoxia?

A

Late

38
Q

Basic antepartum testing is meant to eval a fetus who is at higher than normal risk for intrauterine fetal complications that can lead to what?

(fetal kick counts, non-stress testing, contraction stress testing, BPP)

A

Placental insufficiency and fetal acidosis

39
Q

What is considered a normal result on a non-stress test?

A

2 accelerations w/i 30 min a/w movement

40
Q

What 4 parameters are evaluated as part of the biophysical profile (BPP)?

A

Amniotic fluid assessment (deepest vertical pocket- 2cm)-

Gross fetal movement

Tone

Fetal “breathing” activity (30 sec)

41
Q

How is the BPP scored?

A

Each parameter = +2 or 0 (no partial scores

W/ non-stress test, max score = 10

42
Q

What contraction stress test result is defined as 3 contractions in 10 minutes with no late decelerations and is considered reassuring?

A

Negative

43
Q

What contraction stress test result is defined as late decelerations or significant variable decelerations with > 50% of the contractions in a 10 min period and is considered non-reassuring?

A

Positive

44
Q

What contraction stress test result is defined as late decelerations with < 50% of the contractions in 10 min?

A

Equivocal

45
Q

What structures are affected in a 1st degree obstetric laceration?

A

Vaginal mucosa or perineal skin

Not underlying tissue

46
Q

What structures are affected in a 2nd degree obstetric laceration?

A

Underlying subcutaneous tissue

NOT rectal sphincter/ mucosa

47
Q

What structures are affected in a 3rd degree obstetric laceration?

A

Through rectal sphincter

NOT rectal mucosa

48
Q

What structures are affected in a 4th degree obstetric laceration?

A

Into rectal mucosa

49
Q

What are the most common episiotomy locatioins?

A

1, 4

50
Q

What can be used for induction of labor?

A

Prostaglandin gel/ device

Misoprostol

Pitocin

“Stripping” membranes

Amniotomy (artificial rupture of membranes)

51
Q

What are the risks a/w induction of labor? (4)

A

Uterine tachysystole → decreased oxygen exchange/ risk of fetal hypoxia/ acidosis

Increased risk of C-section (esp if “unfavorable cervix”)

Umbilical cord prolapse (w/ amniotomy)

Intra-amniotic infection

52
Q

What Bishop scores are considered high and low risk?

A

0-4 = high risk for failed vaginal delivery

8-13 = highest chance for successful vaginal delivery

53
Q

What are the different types of OB anesthesia?

A

Psychoprophylaxis

IV

Epidural (most common)

Spinal (C-section)

Inhaled

General

54
Q

How is puerperium defined?

A

Period following delivery of baby/ placenta to ~ 6 weeks postpartum

55
Q

What anatomic changes are a/w puerperium?

A

Uterus involutes

Cervix loses vascularity/ shinks

Anovulation (6-12 weeks)

Vagina decreases in size/ is dry

56
Q

How long is a patient typically hospitalized after vaginal birth vs C-section?

A

Vaginal- 1-2 days

C-section- 2-4 days

57
Q

When is a postpartum exam performed?

A

4-6 weeks

58
Q

When does lactation begin during puerperium?

A

Colostrum after 1st day, mature milk after 3rd-5th day

59
Q

What type of twin gestation has no genetic predisposition and no increased risk with fertility rx?

A

Monozygotic (identical twins)

60
Q

What type of twin gestation has a genetic predisposition increased risk with fertility rx?

A

Dizygotic (fraternal twins)

(2 eggs, 2 sperm)

61
Q

What is the only possible type of gizygotic twin gestation?

A

Diamniotic/ dichorionic

62
Q

What are the risks a/w dizygotic twins, although least high risk of twin gestation?

A

Preterm labor/ delivery

Intrauterine growth restriction

Increased risk of fetal anomalies

Increased risk of C-section

63
Q

Monozygotic twin pregnancy is the most complication type of twin pregnany and is a/w what complications, in addition to those a/w dyzygotic twin pregnancy?

(dizygotic risks = preterm labor/ delivery, intrauterine growth restriction, increased risk of fetal anomalies, increased risk of C-section)

A

Twin-twin transfusion

Cord entanglements

Increased risk of growth restiction/ preterm birth

64
Q

With what type of twin pregnancy can twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome occur?

A

Monochorionic/ diamniotic

65
Q

What is the result of arteriovenous malformations in the placenta leading to twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome?

A

Unbalanced transfusion/ circulation → one becomes anemic/ low fluid and one becomes polycythemic/ fluid overloaded

66
Q

At what point in pregnancy should twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome be considered?

A

2nd trimester

US eval q 2 weeks starting @ 16 weeks

6. Women's Health (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions