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Anatomy Entry Questions > 3 - Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

3 - Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Structures of the superior orbital fissure
A

Cranial nerves: 3, 4, 5.1, 6

  • Oculomotor nerve (CN3)
  • Trochlear nerve (CN4)
  • Ophtalmic nerve (CN5.1)
  • Abducens nerve

+ superior ophtalmic vein

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2
Q
  1. Cranial nerves and their exit through brainstem and skull
A
  1. Midbrain
    • Trochlear nerve (CN4)
  2. Pons
    • Trigeminal nerve (CN5)
    • Abducent nerve (CN6)
    • Facial nerve (CN7)
  3. Medulla oblongata
    • Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN8)
    • Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN9)
    • Vagus nerve (CN10)
    • Accessory nerve (CN11)
    • Hypoglossal nerve (CN12)
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3
Q

63.1 Cranial nerves and their exits through the skull

A
  1. Olfactory nerve: cribriform plate
  2. Optiv nerve: optic canal
  3. Occulomotor nerve: sup. orbital fissure
  4. Trochlear nerve: sup. orbital fissure
  5. Trigeminal nerve:
    • Ophtalmic nerve: sup. orbital fissure
    • Maxillary nerve: foramen rotundum
    • Mandibular nerve: foramen ovale
  6. Abducens nerve: sup. orbital fissure
  7. Facial nerve: stylomastoid foramen
  8. Vestibulocochlear nerve: doesnt leave skull
  9. Glossopharyngeal nerve: jugular foramen
  10. Vagus nerve: jugular foramen
  11. Accessory nerve: jugular foramen
  12. Hypoglossal nerve: hypoglossal canal
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4
Q
  1. Segmental anatomic reflex arch (spinal cord)
A
  • controls reflex action of muscles via sensory neuron synapsis in the spinal cord (does not need to enter the brain)
  1. Monosynaptic
    • just 1 sensory- and 1 motor neuron
    • stimulus comes from muscle itself
  2. Polysynaptic
    • stimulus comes from external receptors
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5
Q
  1. Anatomy of proprioceptive reflex arch (spinal cord)
A
  • reflex that corrects the orientation of the body when it is taken out of its normal upright position
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6
Q
  1. Vertebral level of the conus medullaris in the newborn and the adult
A
  • L1-L2
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7
Q
  1. Vertebral level of the end of the spinal dural sac in the adult
A
  • S2
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8
Q
  1. Branches of circle of Willis
A

→ anastomosis of int. cartotid a. and vertebral a.

→ located in subarachnoid space

  • ant. + post. cerebral arteries
  • ant. + post. communicating arteries
  • ​internal carotid artery
  • basilar artery
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9
Q
  1. Tympanic cavity
A
  1. Roof
    • tegmen tympani
  2. Floor
    • jugular fossa
  3. Anterior
    • carotid canal
  4. Posterior
    • mastoid air cells
  5. Lateral
    • tympanic membrane
  6. Medial
    • lateral wall of the inner ear
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10
Q
  1. Muscles innervated by the facial nerve
A
  • Corrugator supercilii
  • Orbicularis oculi (orbital part, palpebral part)
  • Procerus
  • Nasalis
  • Depressor septi
  • Orbicularis oris
  • Levator anguli oris
  • Levator labii superioris
  • Zygomaticus major + minor
  • Depressor labii inferioris
  • Depressor anguli oris
  • Risorius
  • Buccinator
  • Mentalis
  • Auricularis ant., sup., post.
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11
Q
  1. Masticatory muscles
A

all nerves from V3 mandibular nerve

  • Masseter m.
    • masseteric n.
  • Temporalis m.
    • deep temporal n.
  • Pterygoid m.
    • lateral: lateral pterygoid n.
    • medial: medial pterygoid n.
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12
Q
  1. Topography of the common carotid artery
A
  • from: brachiocephalic trunk or aortic arch (right + left)
  • runs under clavicle
  • divides into: on level of larynx
    • internal carotid art.
    • external carotid art.
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13
Q
  1. Parasympathetic ganglia of the head
A
  1. ciliary ganglion
    • sphincter pupillae, ciliary muscle
  2. pterygopalatine ganglion
    • lacrimal gland
  3. submandibular ganglion
    • submandibular and sublingual glands
  4. otic ganglion
    • parotid gland
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14
Q
  1. Dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway
A
  1. Dorsal root ganglion
  2. Gracile- or cuneate nucleus in medulla
    • ​​decussation!
  3. VPL - ventral posterolateral nucleus in thalamus
  4. BA 2, 1, 3 (postcentral gyrus)
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15
Q
  1. Anatomy of Spinothalamic tract
A
  1. Dorsal root ganglion
  2. Proper nucleus
    • decussation
  3. VPL - ventral posterolateral nucleus in thalamus
  4. BA 2, 1, 3 (postcentral gyrus)
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16
Q
  1. Neuroanatomical organisation of the spinal white matter
A

Ascending tracts:

  1. posterior funiculus
    • dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway
  2. lateral funiculus
    • spino•cerebellar tract
      • anterior, posterior
    • lateral spino•thalamic tract
  3. anterior funiculus
    • ​​anterior spino•thalamic tract

Descending tracts:

  1. lateral funiculus
    • lateral cortico•spinal tract
    • rubrospinal tract
    • lateral reticulospinal tract
  2. anterior funiculus
    • ​​anterior reticulo•spinal tract
    • anterior cortico•spinal tract
17
Q
  1. Cranial nerves controlling the eye movement
A
  1. Occulomotor n. (CN3)
  2. Trochlear n. (CN4)
  3. Abducent n. (CN6)
18
Q
  1. Facial nerve - Branches
A
  • greater petrosal n. (!) foramen lacerum
    • pterygopalatine ggl. → lacrimal gland
  • chorda tympani (!)
    • submandibular ggl. → submandibular- + sublingual gland
  • post. auricular n.

Motor innervation of facial expression muscles:

  • temporal br.
  • zygomatic br.
  • buccal br.
  • mandibular br.
  • cervical br.
19
Q
  1. Ophtalmic nerve - Branches
A
  • Lacrimal n.
  • Frontal n.
  • Nasociliary n.
20
Q
  1. Maxillary nerve - Branches
A
  • middle meningeal n.
  • zygomatic n.
  • nasopalatine n.
  • superior alveolar nn.
  • greater + lesser palatine n.
  • pharyngeal n.
  • infraorbital n.
21
Q
  1. Mandibular nerve - Branches
A
  • inf. alveolar n.
  • auriculo•temporal n.
  • meningeal n.
  • buccal n.
  • lingual n.
  • masticatory nerves
22
Q
  1. Dura mater - Innervation + Blood supply
A
  • meningeal arteries
  • meningeal branches of trigeminal nerves
23
Q
  1. List subarachnoid cisterns
A
  • between arachnoid and pia mater
    • Cerebello•medullary cistern
    • Ponto•cerebellar cistern
    • Interpeduncular cistern
    • basal cistern
    • carotid cistern
    • lumbar cistern
24
Q
  1. List 5 dural sinuses
A
  • saggital sinus
  • straigt sinus
  • transverse sinus
  • dural sinus
  • sigmoid sinus
25
Q
  1. Parasympathetic nuclei of the brain stem
A
  • Edinger-Westphal nucleus
  • sup. + inf. salivatory nucleus
  • dorsal vagus nuclues
26
Q
  1. Brainstem nuclei of occulomotor nerve
A
  • motor nucleus
  • Edinger-Westphal nucleus (somatomotor)
27
Q
  1. Brainstem nuclei of the trigeminal nerve
A
  • Motor nucleus of trig. nerve
  • Proprioception
    • Mesencephalic nucleus of trig. nerve
  • Epicritic sensation (accurate sensation)
    • Principal nucleus of trig. nerve
  • Protopathic sensation (pain, temperature)
    • Spinal nucleus of trig. nerve
28
Q
  1. Brain stem nuclei of facial nerve
A
  • Motor nucleus of facial nerve
  • Sensory nuclei
    • spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve
    • solitary nucleus
  • Parasympathetic
    • sup. salivatory nucleus
29
Q
  1. Brain stem nuclei of the glossopharyngeal nerve
A
  • Motor nucleus: nucleus ambiguus
  • Sensory nuclei:
    • spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve
    • solitary nucleus
  • Parasympathetic nucleus
    • inf. salivatory nucleus
30
Q
  1. Brain stem nuclei of the vagus nerve
A
  • Motor nucleus: Nucleus ambiguus
  • Sensory nuclei:
    • spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve
    • solitary nucleus
  • Parasympathetic nucleus
    • dorsal vagus nerve
31
Q
  1. Cervical plexus
A

originating from C1-C4

Muscular branches

  1. Ansa cervicalis (C1-C3, CN12)
  2. Phrenic nerve (C4)
  3. Segmental branches (C1-C4)

Cutaneous branches

  1. lesser occipital n.
  2. greater auricular n.
  3. transverse cervival n.
  4. supraclavicular n.
32
Q
  1. Brachial plexus
A
  • from rami C5-C8 + T1
  • “M A R M U”
33
Q
  1. Lumbar plexus
A
  • formed by rami of L1-L4 + T12 (subcostal n.)
  • Branches
    1. iliohypogastric
    2. ilioinguinal
    3. genitofemoral
    4. lat. femoral cutaneous
    5. obturator
    6. femoral
    7. muscular branches
34
Q
  1. Sacral plexus
A
  • formed by rami of L4-L5 + S1-S4
  1. Sciatic plexus
    1. sup. + inf. gluteal n.
    2. post. femoral cutaneous n.
    3. sciatic n.
      • tibial n.
      • common peroneal n.
  2. Pudendal (hemorrhoidal) plexus
    • Pudendal nerve
    • Pelvic splanchnic nerve

Anatomy Entry Questions (3 decks)

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