3 - Neuroanatomy Flashcards
1
Q
- Structures of the superior orbital fissure
A
Cranial nerves: 3, 4, 5.1, 6
- Oculomotor nerve (CN3)
- Trochlear nerve (CN4)
- Ophtalmic nerve (CN5.1)
- Abducens nerve
+ superior ophtalmic vein
2
Q
- Cranial nerves and their exit through brainstem and skull
A
-
Midbrain
- Trochlear nerve (CN4)
-
Pons
- Trigeminal nerve (CN5)
- Abducent nerve (CN6)
- Facial nerve (CN7)
-
Medulla oblongata
- Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN8)
- Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN9)
- Vagus nerve (CN10)
- Accessory nerve (CN11)
- Hypoglossal nerve (CN12)
3
Q
63.1 Cranial nerves and their exits through the skull
A
- Olfactory nerve: cribriform plate
- Optiv nerve: optic canal
- Occulomotor nerve: sup. orbital fissure
- Trochlear nerve: sup. orbital fissure
- Trigeminal nerve:
- Ophtalmic nerve: sup. orbital fissure
- Maxillary nerve: foramen rotundum
- Mandibular nerve: foramen ovale
- Abducens nerve: sup. orbital fissure
- Facial nerve: stylomastoid foramen
- Vestibulocochlear nerve: doesnt leave skull
- Glossopharyngeal nerve: jugular foramen
- Vagus nerve: jugular foramen
- Accessory nerve: jugular foramen
- Hypoglossal nerve: hypoglossal canal
4
Q
- Segmental anatomic reflex arch (spinal cord)
A
- controls reflex action of muscles via sensory neuron synapsis in the spinal cord (does not need to enter the brain)
-
Monosynaptic
- just 1 sensory- and 1 motor neuron
- stimulus comes from muscle itself
-
Polysynaptic
- stimulus comes from external receptors
5
Q
- Anatomy of proprioceptive reflex arch (spinal cord)
A
- reflex that corrects the orientation of the body when it is taken out of its normal upright position
6
Q
- Vertebral level of the conus medullaris in the newborn and the adult
A
- L1-L2
7
Q
- Vertebral level of the end of the spinal dural sac in the adult
A
- S2
8
Q
- Branches of circle of Willis
A
→ anastomosis of int. cartotid a. and vertebral a.
→ located in subarachnoid space
- ant. + post. cerebral arteries
- ant. + post. communicating arteries
- internal carotid artery
- basilar artery
9
Q
- Tympanic cavity
A
- Roof
- tegmen tympani
- Floor
- jugular fossa
- Anterior
- carotid canal
- Posterior
- mastoid air cells
- Lateral
- tympanic membrane
- Medial
- lateral wall of the inner ear
10
Q
- Muscles innervated by the facial nerve
A
- Corrugator supercilii
- Orbicularis oculi (orbital part, palpebral part)
- Procerus
- Nasalis
- Depressor septi
- Orbicularis oris
- Levator anguli oris
- Levator labii superioris
- Zygomaticus major + minor
- Depressor labii inferioris
- Depressor anguli oris
- Risorius
- Buccinator
- Mentalis
- Auricularis ant., sup., post.
11
Q
- Masticatory muscles
A
all nerves from V3 mandibular nerve
- Masseter m.
- masseteric n.
- Temporalis m.
- deep temporal n.
- Pterygoid m.
- lateral: lateral pterygoid n.
- medial: medial pterygoid n.
12
Q
- Topography of the common carotid artery
A
- from: brachiocephalic trunk or aortic arch (right + left)
- runs under clavicle
- divides into: on level of larynx
- internal carotid art.
- external carotid art.
13
Q
- Parasympathetic ganglia of the head
A
- ciliary ganglion
- sphincter pupillae, ciliary muscle
- pterygopalatine ganglion
- lacrimal gland
- submandibular ganglion
- submandibular and sublingual glands
- otic ganglion
- parotid gland
14
Q
- Dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway
A
- Dorsal root ganglion
- Gracile- or cuneate nucleus in medulla
- decussation!
- VPL - ventral posterolateral nucleus in thalamus
- BA 2, 1, 3 (postcentral gyrus)
15
Q
- Anatomy of Spinothalamic tract
A
- Dorsal root ganglion
- Proper nucleus
- decussation
- VPL - ventral posterolateral nucleus in thalamus
- BA 2, 1, 3 (postcentral gyrus)
16
Q
- Neuroanatomical organisation of the spinal white matter
A
Ascending tracts:
-
posterior funiculus
- dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway
-
lateral funiculus
- spino•cerebellar tract
- anterior, posterior
- lateral spino•thalamic tract
- spino•cerebellar tract
-
anterior funiculus
- anterior spino•thalamic tract
Descending tracts:
-
lateral funiculus
- lateral cortico•spinal tract
- rubrospinal tract
- lateral reticulospinal tract
-
anterior funiculus
- anterior reticulo•spinal tract
- anterior cortico•spinal tract
17
Q
- Cranial nerves controlling the eye movement
A
- Occulomotor n. (CN3)
- Trochlear n. (CN4)
- Abducent n. (CN6)
18
Q
- Facial nerve - Branches
A
- greater petrosal n. (!) foramen lacerum
- pterygopalatine ggl. → lacrimal gland
- chorda tympani (!)
- submandibular ggl. → submandibular- + sublingual gland
- post. auricular n.
Motor innervation of facial expression muscles:
- temporal br.
- zygomatic br.
- buccal br.
- mandibular br.
- cervical br.
19
Q
- Ophtalmic nerve - Branches
A
- Lacrimal n.
- Frontal n.
- Nasociliary n.
20
Q
- Maxillary nerve - Branches
A
- middle meningeal n.
- zygomatic n.
- nasopalatine n.
- superior alveolar nn.
- greater + lesser palatine n.
- pharyngeal n.
- infraorbital n.
21
Q
- Mandibular nerve - Branches
A
- inf. alveolar n.
- auriculo•temporal n.
- meningeal n.
- buccal n.
- lingual n.
- masticatory nerves
22
Q
- Dura mater - Innervation + Blood supply
A
- meningeal arteries
- meningeal branches of trigeminal nerves
23
Q
- List subarachnoid cisterns
A
- between arachnoid and pia mater
- Cerebello•medullary cistern
- Ponto•cerebellar cistern
- Interpeduncular cistern
- basal cistern
- carotid cistern
- lumbar cistern
24
Q
- List 5 dural sinuses
A
- saggital sinus
- straigt sinus
- transverse sinus
- dural sinus
- sigmoid sinus
25
86. Parasympathetic nuclei of the brain stem
* Edinger-Westphal nucleus
* sup. + inf. salivatory nucleus
* dorsal vagus nuclues
26
87. Brainstem nuclei of occulomotor nerve
* motor nucleus
* Edinger-Westphal nucleus (somatomotor)
27
88. Brainstem nuclei of the trigeminal nerve
* _Motor nucleus_ of trig. nerve
* Proprioception
* _Mesencephalic nucleus_ of trig. nerve
* Epicritic sensation (accurate sensation)
* _Principal nucleus_ of trig. nerve
* Protopathic sensation (pain, temperature)
* _Spinal nucleus_ of trig. nerve
28
89. Brain stem nuclei of facial nerve
* Motor nucleus of facial nerve
* Sensory nuclei
* spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve
* solitary nucleus
* Parasympathetic
* sup. salivatory nucleus
29
90. Brain stem nuclei of the glossopharyngeal nerve
* Motor nucleus: nucleus ambiguus
* Sensory nuclei:
* spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve
* solitary nucleus
* Parasympathetic nucleus
* inf. salivatory nucleus
30
91. Brain stem nuclei of the vagus nerve
* Motor nucleus: Nucleus ambiguus
* Sensory nuclei:
* spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve
* solitary nucleus
* Parasympathetic nucleus
* dorsal vagus nerve
31
92. Cervical plexus
originating from C1-C4
Muscular branches
1. Ansa cervicalis (C1-C3, CN12)
2. Phrenic nerve (C4)
3. Segmental branches (C1-C4)
Cutaneous branches
1. lesser occipital n.
2. greater auricular n.
3. transverse cervival n.
4. supraclavicular n.
32
93. Brachial plexus
* from rami C5-C8 + T1
* "M A R M U"
33
94. Lumbar plexus
* formed by rami of L1-L4 + T12 (subcostal n.)
* Branches
1. iliohypogastric
2. ilioinguinal
3. genitofemoral
4. lat. femoral cutaneous
5. obturator
6. femoral
7. muscular branches
34
95. Sacral plexus
* formed by rami of L4-L5 + S1-S4
1. **Sciatic plexus**
1. sup. + inf. gluteal n.
2. post. femoral cutaneous n.
3. sciatic n.
* tibial n.
* common peroneal n.
2. **Pudendal (hemorrhoidal) plexus**
* Pudendal nerve
* Pelvic splanchnic nerve
