3 - Movement into and out of cells Flashcards
Diffusion definition
The net movement of molecules and ions (particles) from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration
How does temperature affect diffusion?
As the temperature increases, the rate of diffusion increases because higher temp = higher kinetic energy = faster movement
How does concentration gradient affect diffusion?
As the concentration increases, the rate of diffusion increases because particles constantly move but there is a faster net movement of particles from high to low concentration bc of random movement
How does distance/thickness of membrane affect diffusion?
As the distance increases, the rate of diffusion decreases as it takes longer for particles to randomly move further
How dues surface area affect diffusion?
The higher the surface area, the higher the rate of diffusion because more space where diffusion can occur
Where does energy for diffusion come from?
Kinetic energy of particles
Diffusion is a _____ process
Passive
Water can dissolve particles and transport these to..
Kidneys, circulatory system, digestive system, and more
If a solution has a concentration lower than the plant tissue, water will ____ the plant cells
Enter
If a solution has a concentration higher than the plant cells, water will ____ the plant cells
Leave
Osmosis definition
Water moves from an area of high water potential to an area of low water potential across a partially permeable membrane
Dilute solutions have a _______ water potential
High
Concentrated solutions have a _____ water potential
Low
A hypotonic solution is _____ and has a _______ water potential
Dilute, high water potential
A hypertonic solution is _____ and has a _____ water potential
Concentrated, low
An isotonic solution is ___ and has a _______ water potential
Samesies
PLANT - In a hypotonic solution, the area of highest water potential is ___, so water moves ____ the cell and the cell becomes _____
Outside the cell, into the cell, turgid because of turgor pressure
PLANT - In an isotonic solution, the area of highest water potential is ____, so water moves _____ the cell and the cell becomes ____
same in and out, between the two equally, flaccid
PLANT - In an hypertonic solution, the area of highest water potential is ____, so water moves _____ the cell and the cell becomes ____
Inside the cell, out of the cell, plasmolysed
Turgid definition
There’s a lot of water inside the vacuole of the cell so it pushes against the cell wall. This is called turgor pressure and cells with higher turgor pressure are turgid and stable and supports the plant (it WON’T BURST because of the cell wall)
Flaccid definition
Cytoplasm and vacuole shrink and turgor pressure decreases - less stiff and doesn’t support the plant bc too floppy
Plasmolysed definition
Lost so much water that cytoplasm and vacuole (might) shrink enough to pull away from the cell wall - will probably die
ANIMAL - In an isotonic solution, the area of highest water potential is ____, so water moves _____ the cell and the cell becomes ____
Same in both, between both equally, bioncave
Animal - In an hypertonic solution, the area of highest water potential is ____, so water moves _____ the cell and the cell becomes ____
In the cells, out of the cells, crenated
ANIMAL - In an hypotonic solution, the area of highest water potential is ____, so water moves _____ the cell and the cell becomes ____
outside the cells, into the cell, spherical
Bioncave red blood cell
Normal shape - has a dent in the middle
Crenated red blood cell
Has lost too much water and shrivelled up
Spherical red blood cell
Has absorbed too much water and will burst due to lack of cell wall
Active transport definition
Movement of particles across a membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration - energy from respiration required to oppose concentration gradient
Active transport is carried out by …
Carrier proteins in the membrane
Examples of active transport in living organisms
Minerals into root hair cells in plants, absorption of glucose in small intestines
