3 - Metabolism and Nutrition Flashcards
What 4 diseases are lifestyle related
(1) Heart disease (2) Malignant Neoplasms (3) Stroke (4) DM
Macronutrients are
Oxidation for energy
What are the functions of vitamins
(1) Enzyme cofactors (2) Antioxidants (3) Ligands for hormone receptors (4) other functions
What are the functions of mineral and trace elements
bone mineralization, muscle contraction
regulation of pH, cofactors for proteins
and enzymes cellular transport & others
What are the components of Carbohydrates
Mono-, di-, polysaccharides,
Fiber (non-digestible =>no energy yield)
What are the components of Protein
Aminoacids
essential & non-essential
What are the components of Fat
Saturated,
Unsaturated,
Monounsaturated soluble vitamins
Polyunsaturated (n-3 & n-6; essential FAs)
What are the functions of Carbohydrates
Energy production
What are the functions of Protein
1) Protein synthesis
2) Carbons for glucose
synthesis
What are the functions of Fat
1) Energy production
2) Absorption of fat
3) Prostaglandin synthesis
4) Components of cell membrane
What is the AMDR of Fat
20 - 35
What is the AMDR of Carbohydrates
45 - 65
What is the AMDR of Protein
10 - 35
Fiber reduces the risks of
(1) Diverticulitis (2) Colon CA (3) Cardiovascular Disease
What is supposed to be the intake of fiber
25 g/day females & 38 g/day males
Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
average daily intake adequate for 50% of
the healthy individuals in specific life stage and gender group
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
average daily intake adequate for 97% of
individuals in specific life stage and gender group
Adequate Intake (AI)
estimated range of intake when RDA or EAR cannot be
established due to insufficient scientific evidence
Tolerable Upper Level Intake (UL)
highest average daily intake with no adverse
effects to almost no individuals (supplements & fortified foods)
Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) is the
energy expenditure of resting, post-absorptive individual over 24 hr period
What affects RMR
age, gender, body temperature, thyroid function
Total Energy Expenditure (TEE) is
RMR + TEF + Physical Activity
TEF
energy expenditure to process food
For energy storage adipose tissue
Unlimited supply
More kcal/g stored
Lower water content
