3-membranes biologiques Flashcards

1
Q

avec quel type de microscopie voit-on les membranes biologiques?

A

avec un microscope electronique a transmission (MET)

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2
Q

Que voit-on quqnd on observe les membranes avec MET?

A

2 feuillets denses separés d’un feuillet clair

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3
Q

lipides de la membranes?

A

phospholipides
glycolipides
sphingolipides
molecule constitué d’isoprene (double liaison)

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4
Q

les deux types de prot de la membranes?

A

intrinseques

extrinseques

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5
Q

les glucides de la membrane?

A

glycolipides

glycoproteine

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6
Q

phospholipides
partie hydrophile?
partie hydrophobe?

a quoi il sert?

A

hydrophile: glycerol, alcool phosphorylé
hydrophobe: 2 AG plrs double liaisons (forment un coude)

influence la mobilité ( fluidité membranaire)

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7
Q

sphingolypides
partie hydrophile?
partie hydrophobe?

A

hydrophile:
R=H ceramide
R=phosphocholine sphingomyeline
R=sucres glycosphingolipides

hydrophobe:
AG

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8
Q

Glycolipides
partie hydrophile?
partie hydrophobe?

A

hydrophile:
glycerol + sucres

hydrophobe:
2AG

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9
Q

cholesterol
partie hydrophile?
partie hydrophobe?

a quoi il sert?

A

hydrophile:
radical hydroxyle OH

hydrophobe:
unités d’isoprene polycyclique

rigidifie la membrane plasmique

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10
Q

dolichol phosphate: a quoi il sert?

A

transport glucide, glycolisation prot

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11
Q

Les lipides en milieu aqueux:

type d’assemblage et pq?

A

auto-assemblage spontané du aux proprietes amphiphiles des lipides

hydrophobe a l’interieur/ hydrophile exterieur

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12
Q

auto- assemblage en monocouche?

A

micelle sphérique

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13
Q

auto-assemblage en bichouche?

A

observable avec le MET

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14
Q

auto-fermeture bicouche
but?
exemples?

A

formé compartiment clos

liposomes artificiels (vesicules artificielle)
membrane plasmique
enveloppe nucleaire (2 membranes)
membrane organites

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15
Q

prot tranversant de part en part la membrane plasmique?

ou sont elles synthetisé?

avec quoi sont elles ancrées?

A

prot intrinseques transmembranaires

dans le RER

liaison covalente

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16
Q

prot intraseques extracellulaires ?

prot. =. intraseques?

A

ancree feuillet externe mb plasmique

ancree feuillet interne mb plasmique

17
Q

proteines extrinseques

A

liee a des prot intrinseque par liaison non covalente de faible NRJ

18
Q

prot d’un domaine extracellulaire hydrophile

A

composé d’AA hydrophiles
svt pont disulfure
svt glycosyle

19
Q

prot d’1 domaine transmembranaires hydrophobes

A

svt helice alpha

20
Q

prot de plusieurs domaines transmembranaires

A
helice alpha 
feuillet beta (cree un canal aqueux) ex canaux ionique
21
Q

prot du domaine intracellulaire hydrophile

A

compose d’AA hydrophiles