3: Lycophytes and Fern Identification (4/7) Flashcards
Lycophyte families
What is included in this group and what characteristic sets them apart from the monilophytes?
Lycopodiaceae (club moss family)
Selaginellaceae (spike moss family)
Isoetaceae (quillwort family)
Club mosses, spikemosses, quillworts (respectively)
Have microphylls
Monilophyte families
What characteristic sets them apart from the lycophytes?
Equisetaceae (horsetail family)
Ophioglossaceae (adder’s tongue family)
Pteridaceae (brake family)
Dryopteridaceae (wood fern family)
Polypodiaceae (polypody family)
Azollaceae (mosquito fern family)
Have megaphylls
Lycopodiaceae
Homosporous or heterosporous?
Alternate spiral leaf arrangement
Strobili are cone-like structures
Homosporous
Club moss family
Selaginellaceae
Homosporous or heterosporous?
Alternate spiral leaf arrangement
Strobili look very similar to the non-reproductive part
Heterosporous
Can have microphylls of different sizes
Spike moss family
Heterosporous
Isoetaceae
Homosporous or heterosporous?
Stem is a corm
Grass-like leaves with broad overlapping bases
Heterosporous
Quillwort family
Equisetaceae
Homosporous or heterosporous?
Microphylls born at nodes in whorls that are fused at base
Jointed at nodes
0 branches or they’re whorled
Have terminal strobili
Homosporous
Horsetail family
Ophioglossaceae
Homosporous or heterosporous?
Dimorphic fertile and sterile leaf segments
Homosporous
Adder’s tongue family
Pteridaceae
Homosporous or heterosporous?
Rhizomes and leaves
Often thin, wiry, dark petioles
Sometimes false indusia, never true
Horizontal to erect scaly rhizomes
More complex multi-compound leaves
Homosporous
Brake family
Polypodiaceae
Homosporous or heterosporous?
What makes it different from Pteridaceae?
No indusia
Horizontal scaly rhizomes
Simpler, once-compound or pinnatifid leaves
Homosporous
Polypody family
Pinnatifid: pinnately divided, but not all the way down to the central axis
Azollaceae
Homosporous or heterosporous?
Fan-shaped leaves, roots pendent from stem
Aquatic
Each leaf has 2 lobes:
- floating/emergent (thick, green or red)
- submersed (larger, thinner, white)
Heterosporous
Mosquito fern family
What families belong to the order Lycopodiales?
Lycopodiaceae
What families belong to the order Isoetales?
Selaginellaceae
Isoetaceae
What families belong to the order Equisetales?
Equisetaceae
What families belong to the order Ophioglossales?
Ophioglossaceae
What families belong to the order Polypodiales?
Pteridaceae
Dryopteridaceae
Polypodiaceae
What families belong to the order Salviniales?
Azollaceae
Adiantum
What family is this genus from, and what are some of its characteristics that differentiate it from Pentagramma?
From Pteridaceae
Sporangia grouped into sori
Pentagramma
What family is this genus from, and what are some of its characteristics that differentiate it from Adiantum?
From Pteridaceae
Sporangia not grouped into sori
Equisetum
What family is this genus from?
From Equisetaceae
Polypodium
What family is this genus from?
From Polypodiaceae
Azolla
What family is this genus from?
From Azollaceae
