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PLS 127 > 2: Morphology & Principles (4/2) > Flashcards

2: Morphology & Principles (4/2) Flashcards

1
Q

How many whorls are there in a typical flower?

A

4

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2
Q

Receptacle

A

The axis (stem) to which the floral organs are attached

Actually a stem with very short internodes

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3
Q

Calyx

A

The outermost whorl in a flower composed of sepals

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4
Q

Corolla

A

The whorl in a flower composed of petals

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5
Q

Androecium

A

The whorl in a flower composed of stamens

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6
Q

Gynoecium

A

The innermost whorl in a flower (typically just a single structure) composed of one or more pistils

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7
Q

Carpel

A

The female reproductive organ, consisting of the ovary, style, and stigma

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8
Q

Pistil

A

A single structure within the gynoecium. They may be simple (consist of a single carpel) or compound (consist of two or more fused carpels)

If there’s one pistil, it could be simple or compound. But if there’s multiple pistils, they are always simple

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9
Q

Tepals

A

Perianth parts not differentiated into calyx and corolla - they may be spirally arranged or in whorls

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10
Q

What if there’s only one perianth whorl present?

A

It’s usually interpreted as the calyx, not the corolla.

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11
Q

Complete flower

A

Has sepals, petals, (or tepals), stamens, and carpels

Pistils consist of carpels

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12
Q

Incomplete flower

A

Lack one or both whorls of perianth, androecium, and/or gynoecium

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13
Q

What are the different types of floral symmetry?

A

Radial/actinomorphic
Biradial
Bilateral
Asymmetric

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14
Q

Radial floral symmetry

Or actinomorphic

A

Has 3 or more planes of symmetry

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15
Q

Biradial floral symmetry

A

Has 2 planes of symmetry

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16
Q

Bilateral floral symmetry

A

Has 1 plane of symmetry

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17
Q

Asymmetrical floral symmetry

A

No planes of symmetry

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18
Q

Anther structure

What does an anther consist of? What is the region between these two constituents called?

A

Consist of two halves called thici (singular theca).

Region between the thici is called the connective

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19
Q

What are the 4 ways anthers dehisce?

A

Longitudinal
Poricidal
Transverse
Valvular

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20
Q

Longitudinal dehiscence

A

Longitudinal slits running from tip to tip of the anther

The most common way anthers dehisce

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21
Q

Poricidal dehiscence

A

Small pores at the tip of the anther

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22
Q

Transverse dehiscence

A

Horizontal slits that run across the width of the anther

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23
Q

Valvular dehiscence

A

Pollen is released from hinged openings on the anther

24
Q

Staminodia

A

Sterile stamen

25
Monosulcate pollen
Pollen grains that have a single, elongated aperture centered at their equator ## Footnote Lecture 2 slide 8
26
Tricolpate pollen
Pollen grains that have three elongated apertures ## Footnote Lecture 2 slide 8
27
Tricolporate pollen
Pollen grains that have three elongated apertures and three pores ## Footnote Lecture 2 slide 8
28
Aperture
Area of thinner pollen grain wall
29
Locule/chamber
A chamber or compartment within the ovary that contains the ovules
30
Placentation
How the ovules are attached within the ovary
31
Connation
Fusion of parts within a whorl (like if carpels are fused together in a pistil)
32
Adnation
Fusion of unlike parts between whorls
33
Hypanthium
Adnate bases of perianth and stamens forming a floral cup or tube
34
No hypanthium present ## Footnote Is the flower hypogynous, perigynous or epigynous? Is the ovary superior or inferior?
Flower is hypogynous Ovary is superior
35
Hypanthium present but NOT adnate to ovary ## Footnote Is the flower hypogynous, perigynous or epigynous? Is the ovary superior or inferior?
Flower is perigynous Ovary is superior
36
Hypanthium present AND adnate to ovary ## Footnote Is the flower hypogynous, perigynous or epigynous? Is the ovary superior or inferior?
Flower is epigynous Ovary is inferior
37
Floral formula
Symmetry, calyx, corolla, androecium, gynoecium, fruit type ex: * , 5 , 5 , 10 , 3 , capsule
38
* (asterisk) in floral formula
Radial or biradial flower symmetry
39
X in floral formula
Bilateral flower symmetry
40
Tepals in floral formula
Designated by hyphens around a number: - # - ## Footnote Replaces calyx and corolla numbers since tepals are fused combination of them
41
A circle around a number in floral formula
The parts of the whorl are connate (fused)
42
A connecting line between two numbers in floral formula
The parts of the whorls are adnate (fused) to one another
43
Line below or above the gynoecium number in floral formula
Ovary position - number above line = superior, number below line = inferior
44
A number range in floral formula
Variable number of parts
45
∞ sign in floral formula
Lots of parts (so many that they don't bother to count)
46
Monoecious plants
Both male and female flowers on the same plant
47
Dioecious plants
Male and female flowers on separate plants
48
Raceme ## Footnote What kind of inflorescence is it?
One vertical axis with pedicillate flowers
49
Spike ## Footnote What kind of inflorescence is it?
One vertical axis with sessile flowers
50
Spadix ## Footnote What kind of inflorescence is it?
Spike with thick, fleshy axis, usually surrounded by a spathe (showy bract)
51
Panicle ## Footnote What kind of inflorescence is it?
A branched raceme, with each branch repeating the raceme pattern
52
Cyme
Consisting of one terminal flower (maturing first) subtended by one to two lateral branches, each of which terminates in a flower (and may be subtended by further branching, etc.) ## Footnote The basic determinate inflorescence
53
Catkin
A spike of unisexual flowers with inconspicuous perianth, sometimes pendant, often with bracts subtending the flowers ## Footnote Pendant: hanging down Subtending: positioned at the base or underneath
54
Perfect flower
Bisexual/hermaphroditic ## Footnote Has both male and female parts
55
Imperfect flower
Unisexual (male or female) ## Footnote Female: carpellate Male: staminate
56
Apetalous flower
Lacking petals
57
Naked flower
Lacking perianth

PLS 127 (13 decks)

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