3. Literary Forms in Philippine History Flashcards
The average Filipino’s unfamiliarity with his
indigenous literature was largely due to what
has been impressed upon him: that his country
was “discovered” and, hence, Philippine “history”
started only in
1521
set against a bulk of material about early Filipinos as recorded by Spanish, Chinese, Arabic and other chroniclers of the past.
Pre-Colonial Times
Pre-colonial inhabitants of our islands showcase a rich past through their _____________ that affirm our ties with our Southeast Asian neighbors
folk speeches, folk songs, folk narratives and indigenous rituals and mimetic dances
Literary Forms During The Pre-Colonial Times
Myth
Heroic Narratives or Epic
Etiological Legends
Folk Tales
a traditional story in prose concerning details of gods and demigods and the creation of the world and its inhabitants
Myth
folk epics that narrate the adventures of tribal heroes which embody in themselves the ideals and values of the group
Heroic Narratives or Epic
legends that explain how things came to be, why things are they are. (ex. Ang Alamat ng Pinya, etc.)
Etiological Legends
a folktale using animals
Animal Tale
verses set into music
Folk songs
oral literature
Folk speech
bugtong
riddle
popular short sayings
proverb
komedya, the sinakulo, the sarswela, the playlets and the drama
Spanish Occupation
Literature in this period of Spanish Occupation may be classified as
Religious prose or poetry and secular prose or poetry
Literary Forms Poetry (Spanish Occupation)
Ladino Poems
Metrical Romances
poems written by Ladinos (natives, first Tagalog versifiers who saw print; highly literate in both Spanish and the vernacular)
Ladino Poems
Metrical Romances
each line with 8 syllables (ex. Ibong Adarna)
Corridos
Metrical Romances
each line with 12 syllables (ex. Florante at Laura)
Awit
The most important piece of didactic literature of this period (Spanish Occupation) is: ________________ written by Fr. Modesto de Castro.
Urbana and Feliza
Full Title of Urbana and Feliza 1855 (Prose)
Pagsususlatan ng Dalauang Binibini na si Urbana at si Feliza na Nagtuturo ng Mabuting Caugalian.
Spanish Occupation (Literary Forms) Drama
Religious Dramas
- Panuluyan
- Cenakulo
- Salubong
- Moriones
- Tibag/Santacruzan
- Pangunguluwa
Secular Dramas
- Karagatan
- Duplo
- Comedia
Arranged according to the appearance in the liturgical calendar of the events they celebrate
Religious Dramas
Held on the eve of Christmas, it dramatizes Joseph’s and Mary’s search for lodging in Bethlehem. (December)
Panuluyan
passion and death of Jesus Christ
(April/May)
Cenakulo
an Easter play that dramatizes the meeting of the Risen Christ and his mother. (April/May)
Salubong
refers to the participants dressed as Roman soldiers, their identities hidden behind colourful, sometimes grotesque, wooden masks. (April)
Moriones
performance with the devotion to the Holy Cross. It depicts St. Elena’s search for the cross on which Christ died. (May)
Tibag/Santacruzan
an interesting socio-religious practice on All Saints’ Day which literally means For the Soul. The practice is based on the old belief that the souls in the purgatory are “released” on the night of All Saints’ Day to go beggin alms on earth.
Pangunguluwa
held during the nine nights of vigil and prayers after someone’s death, or the first death anniversary
Secular Dramas
“open sea,” comes from the practice of testing young men vying for a maiden’s hand. The maiden’s ring would be dropped into the sea and whoever retrieves it would have the girl’s hand in marriage
Karagatan
a forerunner of the balagtasan. The performers consist of two teams: one composed of young women called [Dupleras or Belyakas}; and the other, of young men called {Duplerosor Belyakos}. An elderly man—the {Hari or Punong Halaman}—presides over the proceedings
Duplo
one of the earliest forms of stage drama which took on a particular aspect; that of a particular play which had for its main theme courtly love, usually between a prince and a princess of different religions— one a Christian, the other a Muslim. These conflicts were resolved in the end, with the victory of the Christians, a propaganda tool which was endorsed by the friars
Comedia
A new set of colonizers brought about new changes in Philippine literature. New literary forms such as free verse, the modern short story, and critical essay
(American Occupation)
was deeply entrenched with the firm establishment of English as the medium of instruction in all schools and with literary modernism that highlighted the writer’s individuality and cultivated consciousness of craft, sometimes at the expense of social consciousness
American Influence
Dead Stars
Paz Marquez Benitez
Born to the prominent Marquez family of Quezon Province, Marquez Benitez belonged to the first generation of Filipinos trained in the
American educational system. She was a member of the first freshman class of the University of the Philippines, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1912
Paz Marquez Benitez
The flowering of Philippine literature in the various languages continue especially with the appearance of new publications after the Martial Law years and the resurgence of committed literature in
the 1960s and the 1970s
Contemporary Period
Filipino writers continue to write poetry, short stories, novellas, novels and essays whether these are socially committed, gender/ethnic related or are personal in intention or not.
Contemporary Period
The various literary awards
Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature, the Philippines Free Press, Philippine Graphic, Home Life and Panorama literary awards
The panuluyan is also called
Pananapatan or panaawagan. Gagharon or Pagharonghong in Bikol
comes from the act of excavating or levelling the mounds
Tibag
the structure is octosyllabic quatrains
corridos
the structure is dodesyllabic quatrains
awit
