3. Ligands and complex ions

Question 1

What is a complex ion?

Answer 1

Metal ion surrounded by coordinately bonded ligands

Question 2

What is a coordinate bond/ dative covalent bond?

Answer 2

a covalent bond

both electrons in shared pair come from same atom

Question 3

What is a ligand?

Answer 3

atom/ion/molecule that donates a pair of electrons to a central metal atom/ion

Question 4

What is the coordinate number?

Answer 4

Number of coordinate bonds formed with central metal atom/ion

Question 5

In most complex ions i need to know about coordinate number is ___

Answer 5

4 or 6

Question 6

Examples of small ligands?

Answer 6

H2O
CN-
NH3

Question 7

Examples of large ligands?

Answer 7

Cl-

Question 8

When ligands are small how many can fit around the central metal atom/ion?

Answer 8

6

Question 9

When ligands are large how many can fit around central metal atom/ion?

Answer 9

4

Question 10

6 coordinate bonds mean what shape?

Answer 10

octahedral

Question 11

4 coordinate bonds usually mean what shape?

Answer 11

tetrahedral

Question 12

4 coordinate bonds sometimes mean what shape?

Answer 12

square planar

Question 13

What are ligands with 1 lone pair available for bonding called?

Answer 13

monodentate

Question 14

4 examples of monodentate ligands

Answer 14

H2O
NH3
Cl-
CN-

Question 15

What are ligands with 2 lone pairs available for bonding called?

Answer 15

bidentate

Question 16

How many coordinate bonds can Bidentate ligands form?

Answer 16

2

Question 17

1 example of a bidentate ligand

Answer 17

NH2CH2CH2NH2

ethane-1,2-diamine sometimes abbreviated to ‘en’

Question 18

What are ligands that form 2 or more coordinate bonds called

Answer 18

multidentate

Question 19

What is cis platin?

Answer 19

complex of platinum II

with 2 chloride ions and 2 ammonia molecules

Question 20

what shape is cis platin

Answer 20

square planar

Question 21

what is cis platin used as?

Answer 21

an anti cancer drug

Question 22

why is cis platin named CIS-platin and not TRANS-platin?

Answer 22

2 chloride ions next to each other so complex ion is cis.

if 2 chloride ions opposite complex ion is trans.

Question 23

how does cisplatin work?

Answer 23

1. 2 chloride ligands easy to displace.
   2.cis platin looses them and bonds to 2 nitrogen atoms on DNA molecule inside cancerous cell
   3.

Question 24

how does cisplatin work?

Answer 24

1. 2 chloride ligands easy to displace.
   2.cis platin looses them and bonds to 2 nitrogen atoms on DNA molecule inside cancerous cell
2. acts as a block on DNA. cancerous cell cant reproduce. cell will die since it cant repair damage
   4

Question 25

what is the downside to cisplatin?

Answer 25

prevents normal cells reproducing
can suppress immune system
can cause damage to kidneys.

Question 26

why is cis platin named CIS-platin and not TRANS-platin?

Answer 26

2 chloride ions next to each other = cis.

if 2 chloride ions opposite = trans.

Question 27

how does cisplatin work?

3 things

Answer 27

1. 2 chloride ligands easy to displace -> looses chloride ligands
2. bonds to 2 nitrogen atoms on DNA molecule (inside cancerous cell)
3. acts as a block on DNA -> cancerous cell cant reproduce. cell will die since it cant repair damage.

Question 28

what is the downside to cisplatin?

3 points

Answer 28

prevents normal cells reproducing
can suppress immune system
can cause damage to kidneys.