3. Italy after 1870

Question 1

Politics - instability

1. how many changes in P< over next 50 years

Answer 1

1. 29

Question 2

Politics

2. why was there political stagnation

Answer 2

2. no stable party system
   system known as transformism
   mass of italians excluded from voting = no reaon to attend wishes of mass of italians

Question 3

Agostino Depretis (cautious and pragmatic)
1. when was he PM

Answer 3

1. 3 times
   1876-78
   1878-81
   1881-87 (died)

Question 4

Francesco Crispi (colourful and energetic, first southener to become PM)
1. when was he PM

Answer 4

1. 1887-91

1895-96

Question 5

politics - achievements

1. when was free and compulsory education introduced

Answer 5

1. 1877

Question 6

politics - achievements

2. how did politicians give a new all Italian image to monarchy

Answer 6

2. VE dies 1878

successor Umberto IV of Piedmont takes title Umberto I of Italy

Question 7

politics - achievement

3. how did Crispi secure acceptance from Catholics for the new capital (Rome)

Answer 7

3. helped persuade college of cardinals to hold the conclave to choose a new pope in Rome

Question 8

politics - achievments

4. how did Depretis widen the franchise in 1882

Answer 8

4. reduced voting age from 25 to 21 = electorate half million -> 2 million
   2% -> 7%

Question 9

politics - achievments

5. how did depretis make it easier for poor to obtain bread

Answer 9

5. abolished hated ‘grist tax’ in 1883

Question 10

politics - achievments

6. what important legal reforms were there under Crispi

Answer 10

6. abolition of death penalty

revocation of anti-strike legislation

Question 11

politics - achievments

7. when was there public health reforms

Answer 11

late 1880s

Question 12

Economic challenges

1. unrest in sicily so bad in 1884 Crispi sends ____ troops

Answer 12

1. 40,000 (to restore law and order)

Question 13

economic challenges

2. many italians (particularly in south) suffered from

Answer 13

malnutrition
disease
harsh working conditions

Question 14

Italys economic expansion after 1870

1. when did wheat production double

Answer 14

1. 1873-1913

Question 15

Italys economic expansion after 1870

2. steel production increased from 4000 tonnes to 157000 tonnes when?

Answer 15

1880-1890

Question 16

Italys economic expansion after 1870

3. 21,000 km of new roads when?

Answer 16

1870-1883

Question 17

Italys economic expansion after 1870

4. railways expanded from 2000 kilometres to 16,000 kilometres

Answer 17

4. 1870-1900

Question 18

economic challenges ; balancing budget

1. 1866 government expenditure exceeded income by 60%. 1876 =

Answer 18

1. deficit overcome

Question 19

foreign policy - the triple alliance

1. gov wanted alliance with Germany but

Answer 19

1. german chancellor Bismark turned down Italys request several times

Question 20

foreign policy - the triple alliance

2. when was triple alliance formed

Answer 20

2. 1882

Question 21

foreign policy - the triple alliance

3.what was the triple alliance

Answer 21

3. germany and italy would receive the others support if attacked by France.
   if Austria-Hungary were at war with Russia italy would remain neutral (giving Austria security on southern border)

Question 22

foreign policy - imperialism

1. when was the campaign in Africa successful?

Answer 22

1880s (Eritrea and Italian Somaliland)

Question 23

foreign policy - imperialism

2. why was crispi determined to achieve a new great empire

Answer 23

2. wanted to generate an upsurge of patriotism in foreign policy