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Building Blocks Of Life > 3 Introduction To Biochemistry > Flashcards

3 Introduction To Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is biochemistry

A

The study of chemical processes of living things

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2
Q

Approximate composition of a mammalian cell

A 
H2O - 70%
Proteins - 18%
Phospholipids - 3%
Other lipids 2%
Polysaccharides 2%
RNA 1.1%
DNA 0.25%
Other 4%
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3
Q

What are carbohydrates composed of

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.

Cm(H2O)n

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4
Q

Chemical formulae of glucose

A

C6H12O6
Or
C6(H2O)6

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5
Q

Name the 4 types of saccharides

A

Monosaccharides (simple sugars)
Disaccharides (2 mono bonded)
Oligosaccharides (3-10 mono bonded)
Polysaccharides (long chains bonded)

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6
Q

What is the saccharide called in an oligosaccharide

A

Glycan.

Attached to the protein or lipid through glycosylation

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7
Q

3 types of monosaccharide

A

Alpha Glucose
Beta Glucose
Fructose

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8
Q

What is the most abundant molecule on earth

A

Cellulose

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9
Q

What does amylase do

A

Found in saliva and small intestine.

Breaks bonds of glucose in starch but not in cellulose.

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10
Q

What do lipids do

A

Energy storage, cell structure and signalling

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11
Q

What are the simplest lipids

A

Fatty acids

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12
Q

What is a fstty acid made from

A

Chains of carbon and hydrogen with a carboxyl functional group at one end.

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13
Q

How many carbons are commonly in a fatty acid

A

12-24

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14
Q

What defines saturated fatty acid

A

All carbons linked by single covalent bonds

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15
Q

What defines unsaturated fatty acid

A

When 2 carbons are linked by double bonds

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16
Q

What is a triglyceride

A

Energy storage molecule.

Consist of three fatty acid chains bonded to a molecule of glycerol

17
Q

What is a phospholipid

A

Molecules that form the cell membrane.

18
Q

What does amphiphilic mean

A

Part hydrophilic and part hydrophobic

19
Q

What is a glycolipid

A

Linked to saccharides. Play roles in cell-cell recognition

20
Q

What is a nucleic acid

A

Information carrying molecule

21
Q

How many nueotides in DNA molecule of human chromosome 1

A

249 million

22
Q

What does an enzyme do

A

Catalyse chemical reactions

23
Q

How many amino acids

A

20

24
Q

Name 2 structural patterns of proteins

A

Alpha helix

Beta sheet

25
Q

Where does an autotroph get energy from

A

They make their own eg. Photosynthesis

26
Q

Where does a heterotroph get energy from

A

By eating other plants and animals

27
Q

What is the metabolic breaking down process called

A

Catabolism

28
Q

What is the metabolic building up process called

A

Anabolism

29
Q

What happens with energy during catabolism vs anabolism

A

Catabolic makes energy

Anabolic requires energy

30
Q

What is the product of glycolysis

A

Pyruvate

Building Blocks Of Life (3 decks)

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