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IGCSE CHEMISTRY MATS > 3 - Inorganic Chemistry > Flashcards

3 - Inorganic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name given to Group 1?

A

Alkali metals

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2
Q

What is the name given to Group 2?

A

alkali earth metals

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3
Q

What is the name given to middle block?

A

transition metals

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4
Q

What is the name given to Group 7?

A

halogens

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5
Q

What is the name given to Group 8?

A

noble gases

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6
Q

Why do the Alkali metals become more reactive as you go down?

A
  • as you go down, the elements become more reactive, this is because as you go down each element has one more shell which means that the outer electrons are further away from the positive charge of the nucleus and therefore can react more easily
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7
Q

Are alkali metals good or poor conductors?

A

good

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8
Q

What are the properties of Lithium?

A
  • possible to cut through

- dull grey but shiny inside

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9
Q

What are the properties of sodium?

A
  • easier to cut through

- shiny on the inside

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10
Q

What are the properties of potassium?

A
  • easy to cut through
  • shiny in the inside
  • tarnishes in minutes
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11
Q

What happens when lithium reacts with water?

A
  • effervescence
  • moves across the surface
  • dissolves
  • produces gas
  • lithium + water –> lithium hydroxide + hydrogen
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12
Q

What happens when sodium reacts with water?

A
  • effervescence
  • melts into a ball
  • dissolves
  • moves across the surface
  • produces gas
  • sodium + water –> sodium hydroxide + hydrogen
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13
Q

What happens when potassium reacts with water?

A
  • effervescence
  • melts into a ball
  • dissolves
  • moves across the surface
  • lilac flame
  • produces gas
  • potassium + water –> potassium hydroxide + hydrogen
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14
Q

Why do the Halogens become more reactive as you go up?

A
  • this is because as you go up the group, each element has one less shell
  • this means that the attraction from the nucleus gets stronger the closer you go
  • the atoms therefore find it easier to attract the last electron that they want in order to have a full outer shell
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15
Q

Do Halogens melting point increase or decrease as you go up?

A
  • decreases
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16
Q

What is the state, colour and colour of vapour of Fluorine?

A
  • gas
  • pale yellow
  • yellow
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17
Q

What is the state, colour and colour of vapour of Chlorine?

A
  • gas
  • pale green
  • green
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18
Q

What is the state, colour and colour of vapour of Bromine?

A
  • liquid
  • orange/brown
  • orange
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19
Q

What is the state, colour and colour of vapour of Iodine?

A
  • solid
  • grey-black crystals
  • purple
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20
Q

What is a displacement reaction?

A
  • occurs when a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from a compound
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21
Q

What do group 1 and 7 form when combined?

A
  • ionic compound
  • group 1 elements lose an electron which is transferred to the group 7 element
  • a dot and cross diagram can be drawn
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22
Q

What are the properties of carbon dioxide?

A
  • Carbon dioxide is a gas
  • Covalent bonding
  • Simple covalent molecule and therefore has a low boiling/melting point because of the weak intermolecular forces between molecules
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23
Q

Why can CO2 be used in fizzy drinks?

A
  • at high pressure, more CO2 can dissolve in a substance
24
Q

How is CO2 used in refrigeration?

A
  • CO2 sublimates so can keep things cold without getting them wet
25
Q

How is CO2 used in fire extinguishers?

A
  • CO2 is more dense than air so smothers the fire
26
Q

What is the test for CO2?

A
  • add limewater

- limewater goes cloudy if CO2 is present

27
Q

What is the percentage composition of air?

A 
Nitrogen - 78%
Oxygen - 21%
Carbon dioxide - 0.038%
Argon - 1%
Water - variable
28
Q

How would you calculate the % of oxygen in the air?

A
  • react a fix volume of air with copper
  • in the syringe on the other side of the copper, after the reaction has taken place, there should only be 79% of the original volume of air
29
Q

What is combustion?

A
  • when a substance burns it is said to combust

- a rapid reaction between a substance and oxygen that releases heat and light energy

30
Q

What are the observations when magnesium reacts with oxygen ?

A
  • bright white light

- magnesium + oxygen –> magnesium oxide

31
Q

What are the observations when hydrogen reacts with oxygen?

A
  • explosion
  • rapid combustion
  • hydrogen + oxygen –> water
32
Q

What are the observations when sulfur reacts with oxygen?

A
  • white/blue glowing

- sulfur + oxygen –> sulfur oxide

33
Q

What forms when complete combustion takes place?

A

fuel + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water

34
Q

What is the general formula for complete combustion?

A

CxHx + O2 –> CO2 + H2O

35
Q

What is incomplete combustion?

A
  • when a fuel burns partially due to lack of oxygen
36
Q

What are the products of incomplete combustion?

A
  • carbon (black soot)
  • carbon monoxide
  • carbon dioxide
  • water
37
Q

What is the general formula for incomplete combustion?

A

CxHx + O2 –> C + CO + CO2 + H2O

38
Q

What is the colour of the flame during incomplete combustion?

A
  • yellow flame

- less energy produces particulates

39
Q

What is thermal decompositon?

A
  • breaking molecules apart using heat
40
Q

What is the general word equation for thermal decomposition?

A

x carbonate –> x oxide + carbon dioxide

41
Q

What is the colour of potassium carbonate before and after heating?

A
  • white (before)

- white (after)

42
Q

What is the colour of sodium carbonate before and after heating?

A
  • white (before)

- white (after)

43
Q

What is the colour of zinc carbonate before and after heating?

A
  • white (before)

- pale yellow (after)

44
Q

What is the colour of calcium carbonate before and after heating?

A
  • white (before)

- white (after)

45
Q

What is the colour of copper carbonate before and after heating?

A
  • turquoise (before)

- black (after)

46
Q

Is there a gas produced when potassium carbonate is heated?

A

yes

47
Q

Is there a gas produced when sodium carbonate is heated?

A

yes

48
Q

Is there a gas produced when zinc carbonate is heated?

A

yes

49
Q

Is there a gas produced when calcium carbonate is heated?

A

no

50
Q

Is there a gas produced when copper carbonate is heated?

A

yes

51
Q

How easy was the thermal decomposition of potassium carbonate?

A
  • very hard
52
Q

How easy was the thermal decomposition of sodium carbonate?

A
  • easy
53
Q

How easy was the thermal decomposition of zinc carbonate?

A
  • easy
54
Q

How easy was the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate?

A
  • very hard
55
Q

How easy was the thermal decomposition of copper carbonate?

A
  • easy
56
Q

How do greenhouse gases increase the global temperature?

A
  • the greenhouse gases trap the infrared radiation inside the atmosphere
57
Q

How is acid rain created?

A
  • caused when compounds like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the air
  • these substances rise very high in the atmosphere where they mix and react with water, oxygen and other chemicals to form more acidic pollutants

IGCSE CHEMISTRY MATS (7 decks)

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