3. Implement Hyper-V Flashcards
Type 2 virtualization
The hypervisor runs on top of a host operating system. They share access to the computer’s processor passing control back and forth.
Type 1 Virtualization
The hypervisor is an abstraction layer that interfaces directly with the computer hardware. Creates parent(runs the virt stack) and child partitions.
Shared Nothing Live Migration
Moves a running VM with no shared storage to another host server in the same or a trusted domain.
Hyper-V Manager
A tool that allows you to remotely manage VMs. Can connect to any server with the hyper-v role installed even if it doesn’t have management tools installed. Hyper-v manager can also be installed on a windows 10 machine if it has the server administration tools package installed.
Remoting to a domain connected hyper-v server with hyper-v manager
uses Kerberos for authentication.
Remoting to a Hyper-v server not in a domain with hyper-v manager
uses CredSSP for authentication.
Remote managed: Enable-PSRemoting -sets a firewall rule
Enable-wsmancredssp -enables credssp Local
Managing: Set-Item wsman:\Localhost\Client\trustedhosts -value “hypervserver.domain.com” -adds the domain name
enable-wsmancredssp -role client -delegatecomputer “hypervserver.domain.com” -enables credssp
Powershell direct
A way of connecting to the guest os from the host os.
Copy-Item
allows you to copy an item to or from a guest os to or from the host.
Copy-item -tosession (get-psssession) -path <> -destination <>
Copy-item -fromsession (get-pssession) -Path <> -destiantion <>
Nested Virtualization
set-vmprocessor -vmname -exposevirtualizationextensions $true
Page table support required
Mac address spoofing required
does not support dynamic memory, live migrations, memory resizing, or checkpoints.
.vmc
Virtual Machine Configuration file stored in XML format.
.vsv
the saved state of a virtual machine.
Can you enable dynamic memory while a vm is running?
No.
If dynamic memory is enabled can you hot-add memory to a machine?
you can modify the maximum ram setting but you cannot change the startup memory settings of a machine.
Hot add memory
The ability to add memory to a machine while it is running.
Dynamic Memory Limitations
you cannot enable or disable dynamic memory while a VM is running
You cannot modify the bootup ram setting while dynamic memory is running
you can lower but not raise the minimum ram setting while the vm is running
you can raise but lower the maximum ram setting while the vm is running
Memory Buffer
Specifies the percentage of currently allocated memory that dynamic memory should retain as a buffer for future expansion.
Smart Paging
The ability of a vm to use the disk as ram for bootup sequences. used in scenarios where there is not enough memory to boot up.
Vm Resource Metering
CPU Metering - specifies the vm processor utilization in mhz
Memory Metering - tracks the min, max, and average memory usage
Network metering - specifies the total incoming and outgoing network traffic of a vm
Disk Metering - specifies the total storage capacity of a virtual hard disk plus the space consumed by snapshots
Integration Services
A software package that runs on guest operating systems enabling them to communicate with the hyper-v host. includes 6 different services.
Operating system shutdown
Time synchronization
Data Exchange
HeartBeat
Backup (volume shadow copy)
Guest Services
Operating System Shutdown
Allows administrators to perform orderly shutdowns on a VM without logging into it through the use of tools like hyper-v manager and powershell.
Time Synchronization
synchronizes the clock of the vm with the clock of the hyper-v host. this is a feature that you may want disabled on an active directory vm because you will want the AD domains to be in sync with each other.
Data Exchange or Key-Value Pair
A service that allows the guest os on a vm to share information with the hyper-v host without the use of a network connection.
Backup
Volume Shadow Copy
Allows administrators to back up a vm. this backup includes the vm configuration, the virtual hard disks, and any checkpoints. However, the Volume Shadow Copy requires that the VM uses an NTFS file system.
Guest Service
allows administrators to copy files to and from a running vm through the vm bus instead of using a network connection.
Copy-VMFile
Creating a vm with powershell
new-vm -name server1 -generation 2 -startupbytes 4gb -newvhdpath “c:\disks\server1.vhdx”
omitting the generation tag will create a gen 1 machine if you dont want to type it
The path of your vhd will specify what type of vhd to create for the system disk.
Choosing a VM Generation
Gen 1 Bios - Gen 2 UEFI
You have a VHD that does not support UEFI
You want to install a guest operating system that does not support generation 2
you plan to move the vm to a windows server 2008 r2 or older server
you plan to move the VM to windows azure
realistically unless you need gen 1 you should be using gen 2 VMs